LTC LAKIN
(A work in progress – 25 July 2010)
I HAVE MOVED TO A NEW PAGE TO BEGIN THE TRIAL PROCESS AND LEAVE THE PRETRIAL PROCESS.
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I have decided to post here about LTC Lakin’s Officer Evaluation Report (OER) issue. Many servicemembers accused of misconduct have evaluations due and written about the time they are pending disciplinary action. Each of the Services has a rule in the evaluation regulation about when a report can have comments about pending investigations or actions. Each Service prohibits a report that states the person is “under investigation” or “pending court-martial,” or words to that effect. However, each Service has a rule that allows comment on the underlying misconduct depending on how valid or proven the misconduct is. It is not unusual for persons to have otherwise good reports downgraded because they are pending disciplinary action.
In the Army, AR 623-3 states:
3–23. Unproven derogatory informationa. No reference will be made to an incomplete investigation (formal or informal) concerning a Soldier.b. References will be made only to actions or investigations that have been processed to completion, adjudicated, and had final action taken before submitting the evaluation to HQDA. If the rated individual is absolved, comments about the incident will not be included in the evaluation.c. This restriction is intended to prevent unverified derogatory information from being included in evaluation reports. It will also prevent unjustly prejudicial information from being permanently included in a Soldier’s OMPF,such as—(1) Charges that are later dropped.(2) Charges or incidents of which the rated individual may later be absolved.d. Any verified derogatory information may be entered on an evaluation (emphasis added). This is true whether the rated Soldier is under investigation, flagged, or awaiting trial. While the fact that a rated individual is under investigation or trial may not be mentioned in an evaluation until the investigation or trial is completed, this does not preclude the rating chain’s use of verified derogatory information. For example, when an interim report with verified information is made available to a commander, the verified information may be included in an OER, NCOER, or AER. For all reports, if previously reported information later prove to be incorrect or erroneous, the Soldier will be notified and advised of theright to appeal the report in accordance with chapter 6.e. Reports will not be delayed to await the outcome of a trial or investigation. Reports will be done when due and contain what information is verified at the time of preparation.f. For OER, when previously unverified derogatory information is later verified, an addendum will be prepared in accordance with paragraphs 3–41 and 3–42 and forwarded to HQDA. Rating officials will initiate such addendum to report verified misdeeds or professional or character deficiencies unknown or unverified when the OER was submitted.The addendum will ensure that the verified information will be recorded in the Soldier’s official records. However, it will not be submitted until completion of the investigation, imposition of punishment, or verification of the information.
The problem with evaluation LTC Lakin’s claim is that he has failed to disclose a copy of the report about which he complains. On the safeguardourconstitution site he has posted the prior good report and what appear to be two letters of rebuttal, but not the actual report. By failing to do that he is in my view being disingenuous. He’s hiding the ball. He’s saying the reporting senior is being unfair, but he is himself being unfair. To me this is further evidence of his lack of judgement.
Keep in mind that LTC Lakin placed his contumacy into the public domain by announcing his intentions to violate orders and then violating orders. It appears quite disingenuous to argue that his public confession and intentions don’t equal “verified” information of misconduct. His public video (and other public comments) are rife with bad judgment for a military officer of his rank. I would venture to say that it’s his high rank that is protecting him somewhat.
LTC Lakin has several levels of “appeal.” He can, and apparently has submitted comments. He can also submit an administrative appeal.
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As to the current status of the case, all I have at the moment are rumors that the charges will be referred this week. But that’s it, pure rumor and speculation.
LTC Lakin is no longer pending an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing, most likely he is pending consideration for a general court-martial.
Here is a link to the preferred charges pending against LTC Lakin which will be considered by MG Horst, Commander, Military District of Washington, the general court-martial convening authority.
LTC Lakin and others he has waived his right to be present at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. The command could have proceeded with the hearing anyway; but they didn’t. There have been times when an accused waives the hearing but the command goes ahead with it anyway. Apparently in this case the command has decided to accept the waiver and forward the case to Commander Military District of Washington for the next steps in the process. Note, IMHO, LTC Lakin has waived, forfeited, given up, any complaints he had about the Article 32, UCMJ, process so far by his waiver of the hearing. Having waived his right to a hearing he cannot be heard to complain.
Here is a link to the press release.
[UD:120610] The YouTube video is operational.
Courtesy of TPMMuckraker here is the WRAMC statement:
LTC Lakin waived his Article 32 hearing on 4 June 2010. Once the Article 32 was waived, the charges were forwarded by Walter Reed commanding general with a recommendation as to disposition to MG Horst, the Military District of Washington Commander, on 8 June 2010. It is now up to MG Horst, to determine if the case will go to court-martial and the level of court-martial. MG Horst could also decide that some other disposition is more appropriate than court-martial. MG Horst is the General Court-Martial Convening Authority for Soldiers assigned to Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
What’s next?
Under Article 34, UCMJ, the Staff Judge Advocate, Commander, Military District of Washington must review the case and make a recommendation to the commander. The SJA then has to get on MG Horst’s calendar to discuss the case. MDW, like most GCMCA’s, has a regular meeting on legal matters several times a month. So the timing of a decision on this case depends on when the next legal meeting is scheduled for.
The commander has several options:
1. Refer the charges to trial by general court-martial.
2. Return the case to the commander at WRAMC for the commander to deal with administratively (Article 15, UCMJ, action, adverse OER).
3. Direct a administrative discharge action.
4. Forward the case to HRC with a recommendation and request for administrative discharge action.
5. Dropping from the Rolls, an action taken by the President is also an option.
*** One effect of this waiver is that LTC Lakin has also waived a challenge to the pre-hearing decisions of the IO on evidence and witnesses. He can no longer argue that the IO (or as he and others say, “the Army”) denied him a fair Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. Gone, done, finished with. He has rendered all of his and his lawyer’s crying about how the hearing was unfair to the wastebasket as meaningless.***
While you are waiting here are a couple of other resources to review in addition to the Manual for Courts-Martial.
1st Judicial Circuit Docket, (when you get to this link you then have to open the MDW link.
Rules of Practice Before Army Courts-Martial.
The script, yes each service has it’s own written script for trial, is in the Military Judge’s Benchbook for the Army. We will refer to this book in more detail later depending on what forum LTC Lakin selects.
AR 27-26, Army Rules of Professional Conduct for Lawyers. All lawyers who practice in courts-martial are bound by the service rules of professional responsibility.
Let’s assume that charges are referred for trial.
The first step will be for the trial and defense counsel to prepare and submit an Electronic Docket Notice (EDN) to the judiciary. In the document the prosecution will state a proposed trial date. The defense will either agree or request a different date. A date for arraignment will be set. At that first Article 39(a), UCMJ, hearing little will be accomplished: a trial schedule will be agreed, and the formality of arraignment takes place. Note that many deadlines are already set out in the court rules — Rules of Practice Before Army Courts-Martial.
Upon referral of charges there are certain items of discovery they must provide the defense, and the defense can serve a request for discovery. See R.C.M. 701. In the event the defense is not satisfied with the discovery provided they can file a motion to compel discovery with the military judge. The military judge will decide the issue. In addition to a discovery motion the defense can file other motions. One anticipates the defense will file a motion to challenge the lawfulness of the orders given to LTC Lakin. Under United States v. New, it is up to the military judge to rule whether or not an order is lawful.
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At this point the Article 32, UCMJ, procedures below have become irrelevant to the case.
I thought it might be interesting to follow this case from a cynical defense counsel perspective addressing the various rights and procedures applicable to this case. I hope to update this page regularly as events or news happens and as time permits. I hope that in the process it will serve as a useful guide to military defense counsel who have an Article 32, UCMJ, case, regardless of the client or the charges. Send me an email if you have something to contribute or think there is a point I need to add. Where-ever possible I have linked to items that are publically available on the web without having to go to LEXIS or WestLaw for example.
Here is a link (at safeguardourconstitution) of the IO’s ruling on a defense witness and production request.
Note, the defense failed to comply with R.C.M. 405 and a written directive of the IO to provide “scholarly” reasons for the relevance and availability of requested evidence and requested witnesses. The defense continues bald assertions with adequate facts or law to support the requests. They could at least have made an effort. It would seem that the defense has waived any issue about the fairness of the IO’s rulings on evidence and witnesses, and that a military judge is unlikely to make the Article 32, UCMJ, hearing into a do-over. I will say that there is an argument that responding to the IO’s request would have been a waste of time. There is certainly a legal argument for the failures and waivers, whether it’s a winner, well . . . .
See e.g., Noyd v. Bond, 395 U.S. 683, 645, n.11 (1969) (a military case) (We do not believe that petitioner may properly be required to exhaust a remedy which may not exist.). Cf. Union Pacific R. Co. v. Weld County, 247 U.S. 282 (1918); Township of Hillsborough v. Cromwell, 326 U.S. 620 (1946).
[UD:140610] Here is a link to Cody Robert Judy;
candidate for U.S. Senate from Utah and former presidential candidate, [who] has filed an Amicus Curiae brief with the U.S. Army (sic) on behalf of Lt. Col. Lakin.
It looks like he emailed this to LTC Driscoll. As a matter of procedure amicus filings are not accepted at the pretrial or trial level. Amicus pleadings are permissible at the appellate level with consent. Army Court of Criminal Appeals Rules 15.5(a) permits an amicus filing with permission of the court, and as with any filing must be served on the parties. C.A.A.F. Rule 26(a)(3) permits an amicus filing with permission of the court. As with all court filings, at least one counsel signing the brief must be an attorney admitted to practice before that court, and the filing must be in the specific format prescribed in the court rules. Thus, had Mr. Judy sought to file his amicus in either the Army CCA or CAAF it would have been rejected for several reasons — he’s not an attorney, he’s not an attorney admitted in that court, and the filing fails to conform to the proper format.
In Army Article 32 situations I usually tell the client that one of the benefits of the non-lawyer IO is that this will be an indication of how a “member” might view the case. That can be helpful in a number of ways to the case and with the client. In LTC Lakin’s case I think it is helpful to the client that the IO is a military judge. Now MAJ Kemkes can tell the client (if he’s allowed to talk with him and/or advise him), that the IO as a judge has given a fair indication of how a military judge might rule at trial (even if there is a fully briefed motion).
LTC Lakin’s 20 November 2009 Memo to General Casey.
LTC Lakin’s x February 2010 written orders. Some of the orders violations appear to be oral orders. Once the Article 32, UCMJ, hearing is complete a potential issue could be the “ultimate offense” doctrine as well as ureasonable multiplications in regard to orders given to enforce orders already given.
LTC Lakin’s preferred charges as of 22 April 2010. As noted below an IO can recommend additional charges or that some charges be withdrawn.
The Article 32, UCMJ, hearing is currently scheduled for 0900, 11 June 2010, Rm. 134, Bldg. T-2, WRAMC.
The Article 32, UCMJ, appointing authority has granted a defense requested delay in the hearing from 6 May 2010 to 11 June 2010. The delay counts as defense delay for the purpose of R.C.M. 707, which is the speedy trial provision applicable in non-custody case.
Query – after having talked with a senior military lawyer current and competent in military law will LTC Lakin decide to change his current trajectory toward trial?
Note, there are some areas of Article 32, UCMJ, practice where I am rooting for LTC Lakin, these are:
a. Production of evidence in accordance with R.C.M. 405(f)(10). Recently I had an interesting experience of both the IO and GR cheerfully – IMHO — admitting that they’d done nothing in response to my request for information from NCIS basing that on the fact it couldn’t be done or wasn’t reasonably available. Although they cheerfully IMHO admitted that they’d not asked if the requested information was available or could be obtained. The NCIS agent testified it would have taken a “couple of days” to provide the information, and the request was made weeks before the hearing. And then the GR continued to object to having NCIS produce the requested information.
b. The use of depositions, and how R.C.M. 703, improperly restricts Article 49, UCMJ.
Purpose of the Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. (From notes cobbled together over the years.) The Article 32 is intended to serve two broad purposes: a discovery proceeding for the accused and a bulwark against baseless charges. See e.g. Diaz v. United States, 54 M.J. 880, 883 n.2 (N-M Ct. Crim. App. 2000) citing to United States v. Samuels, 10 C.M.A. 206, 212, 27 C.M.R. 280, 286 (1959) (It is apparent that the Article [32 investigation] serves a twofold purpose. Despite consistent case law over time, I find it interesting that the Department of Defense has not changed R.C.M. 405 to more clearly state the “discovery” nature of the Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. The Article 32, UCMJ, hearing operates as a discovery proceeding for the accused and stands as a bulwark against baseless charges.) See also United States v. Roberts, 10 M.J. 308, 311 (C.M.A. 1981) (There is no doubt that a military accused has important pretrial discovery rights at an Article 32 investigation); United States v. Payne, 3 M.J. 354, 357 n.14 (C.M.A. 1977) (One of Congress’ intentions in creating the Article 32 investigation was to establish a method of discovery); United States v. Tomaszewski, 8 U.S.C.M.A. 266, 24 C.M.R. 76 (1957) (The Article 32 investigation “operates as a discovery proceeding.”). R.C.M. 405(g)(1) requires production of “reasonably available evidence.“
In reality it is often a mere road-bump on the way to trial, especially in political cases such as sexual assaults, child abuse, drugs. I think we can anticipate that the GR and IO for LTC Lakin’s Article 32, UCMJ, hearing, will make every effort to address the issues but that the only evidence that might be offered would be the readily available COLB.
References. The various rules and regulations are available on the internet. But I am posting themhere in one place.
The charging process. The Army began the initial steps toward a general court-martial with preferral of charges. No charges can be referred to trial by general court-martial until there has been an Article 32, UCMJ, pretrial investigation. Remember, a commissioned officer cannot be tried at summary court-martial (oddly I’ve had two cases in which charges against an officer were referred to SCM, and we so wanted to accept a SCM deal), and a commissioned officer cannot be dismissed at special court-martial. See Article 20, UCMJ and [cite for dismissal]. There are preferred charges (Article 30, UCMJ) and an Article 32, UCMJ, investigating officer hasbeen appointed. I would assume usual practice that a Government Representative has been appointed in accordance with R.C.M. 405(d)(3)(A). (Note: Lawyers are assigned in trial counsel billets. That’s a personnel assignment and billet structure decision. There is no trial counsel until charges are referred, just as there is no military judge.)
Investigating Officer. LTC Dan Driscoll, an activated Reserve judge advocate has been appointed the IO in this case. The IO is a commissioned officer. Army practice is to use line officers except in some unusual cases. The Major Hasan Article 32 comes to mind where Military Judge Pohl is the IO. The Navy-Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and Air Force use lawyers as IO’s. Keep in mind that:
An “Article 32 investigation is a judicial proceeding.” United States v. Bell, 44 M.J. 403, 406 (C.A.A.F. 1996). Ex-parte communications between an Article 32 investigating officer and a member of the prosecution are improper. United States v. Payne, 3 M.J. 354 (C.M.A 1977); United States v. Argo, 46 M.J. 454 (1997).
Although the Article 32 officer does not preside over an adversarial proceeding leading to an adjudication of guilt or innocence, the requirement for impartiality means that the investigative and advisory functions of the Article 32 officer must be performed, insofar as practicable, by a person possessing the impartiality similar to that required of a MJ.
United States v. Reynolds, 24 M.J. 261, 263 (C.M.A. 1987).
The Army guide on the conduct of an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing is at DA Pam. 27-17.
Defense Counsel. MAJ Matthew Kemkes, Senior Defense Counsel, Fort Myer, TDS, has been made available. In accordance with R.C.M. 405, a military defense counsel qualified and certified in accordance with Article 27(b) and Article 42(a), UCMJ, must be assigned to represent LTC Lakin. And as we know from the news LTC Lakin has exercised his right to retain civilian counsel — Paul Rolf Jensen – at no expense to the government.
Rules applicable to an Article 32, UCMJ, investigation. The current Manual for Courts-Martial (M.C.M.), the Rules for Court-Martial (R.C.M.), and the Military Rules of Evidence (Mil. R. Evid.) are proscribed through Executive Order of the president. See Article 36, UCMJ, which gives the president such power. There’s an obvious “Ah ha, we’ve got you,” for LTC Lakin’s case. However, all of the rules applicable to his case so far have been prescribed by presidents prior to President Obama, most recently by President Bush. Thus the portions of the Manual and its Rules applicable to LTC Lakin at his Article 32, UCMJ, hearing aren’t subject to challenge because they are issued by a President Obama.
R.C.M. 405 has a self contained set of rules of evidence and practice and procedure for the conduct of an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. The Army has an excellent guide in AR 27-17 that it provides the IO on how best to do an Article 32, UCMJ, investigation. The Army also formally appoints a legal advisor to the IO. The purpose of the LA is to try and avoid conflicts of interest. The GR is not allowed to give legal advice to the IO. (Personally I’m not convinced this works because the GR and LA are typically assigned to work in the same SJA shop and have the same ultimate supervisor in the SJA. And of course it is the SJA who then advises the convening authority under Article 34, UCMJ, andR.C.M. 406.)
Rules of Evidence. The Military Rules of Evidence—other than Mil. R. Evid. 301, 302, 303, 305, 412 and Section V—shall not apply in pretrial investigations under this rule. See R.C.M. 405(i). This means that hearsay, except under some limited situations, is not admissible.
a. Hearsay is admissible if the defense does not object.
b. Hearsay is admissible if the defense objects, but the testimony to be admitted is in writing and under oath, and the IO has made a determination that the witness is not “reasonably available” to testify in person or by telephone. See R.C.M. 405(g)(2), (4).
The production of witnesses at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing is regulated by R.C.M. 405 in several ways. Note, there is no subpoena power at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. Note however that a recent proposal would allow for subpoenas of documents at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. Civilian witnesses who are not federal employees are “invited” to attend. If the witness is considered relevant and necessary the government can be required to pay the witness travel.
Witness Availability. Despite language of MCM, R.C.M. 405(g)(1)(A), there is no per se rule making witnesses located beyond 100 miles from the site of the investigation unavailable. United States v. Marrie, 43 M.J. 35 (C.M.A. 1995). The IO’s erroneous belief that witnesses located more than 100 miles from the situs of the investigation were unavailable. See also United States v. Burfitt, 43 M.J. 815(A.F. Ct. Crim. App. 1996).
Counsel cannot complain of a wrong and then sit back and do nothing to remedy the situation. United States v. Chuculate, 5 M.J. 143 (C.M.A. 1978) (an accused who was denied the presence of a witness at an Article 32 hearing must move to take that witness’s testimony by deposition); see also United States v. Roberts, 10 M.J. 308, 311 (C.M.A. 1981); United States v. Marrie, 39 M.J. 993, 998 (A.F.C.M.R. 1994). While these cases focus on the presence of a witness at an Article 32 hearing, we have no problem extending the general principle to depositions. Counsel must take whatever measures are necessary to preserve the issue or we will view their failure to attend the deposition as waiver.
United States v. Webber, 42 M.J. 675, 678 (A.F.C.C.A. 1995).
The issue of ordering federal employees to appear is interesting. I don’t believe there’s any question as to law enforcement such as NCIS, CID, OSI, CGIS. There is some interesting law on non-law enforcement employees. In my view civilian employees can be ordered to appear at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing in the same manner as military personnel. What the prosecution typically fails to do is go to the civilian employee’s supervisor and request the person be ordered to attend as a witness. If the prosecution fails to do this, then their argument that the witness is not available is flawed. They have not taken sufficient steps to seek the witness’s attendance.
Civilian employees of the Department of Defense may be directed by appropriate authorities to appear as witnesses in courts-martial as an incident of their employment. Appropriate travel orders may be issued for this purpose.
See Discussion, R.C.M. 703(e)(2), M.C.M. (2008).
In connection with civilian DA employees, see, Weston v. Dept. of Housing & Urban Development, 724 F.2d 943 (Fed. Cir. 1983). Courts have held that removal [of a civilian employee] from employment is justified for failure to cooperate with an investigation. Sher v. U. S. Dept. of Veteran’s Affairs, 488 F.3d 489, 509 (1st Cir. 2007); Shelton V. Department of Homeland Security, Docket Number SF-0752-04-0805-I-1, 2005 MSPB LEXIS 218 (MSPB January 13, 2005).
Production of Evidence. R.C.M. 405(f), regulates production of evidence at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing. R.C.M. 701 does not apply. There is no reciprocal discovery at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing despite the belief of some government representatives that there is.
R..C.M. 701 regulates discovery and R.C.M. 702 regulates depositions. There is a limited reciprocal discovery requirement at trial. We can defer talking about these rules until the charges are referred to trial.
Let’s see if we can lay out a defense approach to LTC Lakin’s Article 32, UCMJ, hearing.
1. Advice to the Client. The client should be advised to avoid all public statements about his case, talking to his friends about the case, talking with his co-workers about the case, basically shut the heck up. The law is quite clear that only statements made to an attorney, spouse, or chaplain, are protected from use at trial. Spontaneous statements to the media, friends, or co-workers are admissible as evidence. Based on the public statements so far the prosecution seems to have sufficient confessions which now only need be corroborated. As defense counsel we know that the amount of corroboration required at court-martial is – IMHO – lower than that required by the United States Supreme Court. See . . . .
2. Rules of Professional Responsibility. All counsel, including civilian counsel, are required to abide by the service’s Rules of Professional Conduct. The service professional rules are online. Here is a link to the Army rules found in AR 27-26, Rules of Professional Conduct for Lawyers. (Links to Navy-Marine Corps and Air Force.)
a. Army Rule 3.6 addresses Tribunal Publicity — public statements by counsel involved in a case. Rule 5.2 addresses the responsibilities of a Subordinate Lawyer. When civilian counsel is retained he/she usually becomes lead counsel with the military counsel becoming a “subordinate lawyer.”
b. An “Article 32 investigation is a judicial proceeding.” United States v. Bell, 44 M.J. 403, 406 (C.A.A.F. 1996). Ex-parte communications between an Article 32 investigating officer and a member of the prosecution are improper. United States v. Payne, 3 M.J. 354 (C.M.A 1977). See United States v. Argo, 46 M.J. 454 (1997).
3. LTC Lakin’s counsel can and should submit a request for production of evidence, information, and witnesses under R.C.M. 405(f)(9)(10)(11). That request should emphasize the language of R.C.M. 405(f)(10) and (g).
Have evidence, including documents or physical evidence, within the control of military authorities produced.
See R.C.M. 405(f)(10). Remember that there is some limit based on availability. But it’s my view that just about everything asked for is readily on base. For example the GR that argues the law enforcement file isn’t in their file so it’s not available.
Here is a link to the basic Production & Discovery Request I use. Note the reference to conversion on referral.
Remember it is the duty of the Investigating Officer to assist the defense. While IO’s typically defer to the Government Representative appointed under R.C.M. 405(d)(3)(A), it is the duty of the IO to conduct a proper investigation. There is no “Trial Counsel” at an Article 32, UCMJ, hearing; a counsel only becomes Trial Counsel upon referral. A Government Representative does not have any authority under R.C.M. 405.
Post-Article 32, UCMJ, hearing.
Transcript at Trial. In my view, “[M]ilitary due process required the Government to provide transcripts of former testimony to be used in effective rebuttal of his testimony in the instant case.
While we rule that the right to this transcript is based on military due process, we note that federal courts have ruled that adequate representation of indigents includes payments for transcripts of testimony given in prior proceedings in the same case. See generally United States v. Rosales-Lopez, 617 F.2d 1349 (9th Cir. 1980), aff’d on other grounds, 451 U.S. 182 (1981); United States v. Johnson, 584 F.2d 148 (6th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 918 (1979).
United States v. Toledo, 15 M.J. 255, 257 (C.M.A. 1983).
Motion for a new Article 32, UCMJ, hearing.
Motion for depositions.
Potential defenses.
a. Justification. See United States v. Rockwood, 52 M.J. 98 (C.A.A.F. 1999).
b. Necessity. See United States v. Rockwood, 52 M.J. 98 (C.A.A.F. 1999); United States v. Washington, 57 M.J. 394 (C.A.A.F. 2002); United States v. Olinger, 50 MJ 365 (C.A.A.F. 1999).















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Greetings and thank you for your efforts to share your understanding.
I’m interested in which areas you are rooting for LTC Lakin.
Cheers.
What are your thoughts on the applicability of the de facto officer doctrine, and the question of whether it will act as a bar to discovery?
In Ryder v. United States (http://goo.gl/9DCe) the Supreme Court said this:
The de facto officer doctrine confers validity upon acts performed by a person acting under the color of official title even though it is later discovered that the legality of that person’s appointment or election to office is deficient. Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 440, 6 S.Ct. 1121, 1124, 30 L.Ed. 178 (1886). “The de facto doctrine springs from the fear of the chaos that would result from multiple and repetitious suits challenging every action taken by every official whose claim to office could be open to question, and seeks to protect the public by insuring the orderly functioning of the government despite technical defects in title to office.” 63A Am.Jur.2d, Public Officers and Employees § 578, pp. 1080-1081 (1984) (footnote omitted). The doctrine has been relied upon by this Court in several cases involving challenges by criminal defendants to the authority of a judge who participated in some part of the proceedings leading to their conviction and sentence.
Ryder, 515 U.S. 177, 180-81 (1995).
I would suggest this doctine is legitmate and is especially applicable to situations affecting the armed forces in a time of significant combat operations. The military cannot have every soldier openly questioning orders they don’t think proper because they don’t like the president, or one o the officers appointed over them.
Phil, those are my thoughts too. But I wonder, will that be sufficient to pre-empt all attempts to elicit eligibility testimony, even in the discovery phase?
BigGuy, if I could go into a Vegas casino and bet on whether the military judge will compel discovery of documents or testimony concerning President Obama’s constitutional eligibility in the Lakin case, I would take every dollar I could possibly get my hands on and bet “No.” Discovery will be compelled only where it seeks admissible evidence or could reasonably lead to admissible evidence. The President’s eligibility has no legal relevance to any charge facing LTC Lakin or any defense to the charges.
ML & BigGuy:
I would be trying to beat Dwight get to the money.
Discovery in the military is broad. However, there are limits. Military discovery requires the information sought be relevant, material, necessary, or something that could lead to something material, relevant, and necessary as to the merits or sentencing.
I see nothing about LTC Lakin’s request for documents from the President that meets the broad and liberal right to discovery.
If for some strange reason — “out of an excess of caution” — the military judge were to direct that LTC Lakin could have a birth certificate produced, I’ve no doubt that a certified true copy of the COLB from Hawai’i public records would satisfy a discovery request.
The de facto officer doctrine confers validity upon acts performed by a person acting under the color of official title even though it is later discovered that the legality of that person’s appointment or election to office is deficient. Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 440, 6 S.Ct. 1121, 1124, 30 L.Ed. 178 (1886). “The de facto doctrine springs from the fear of the chaos that would result from multiple and repetitious suits challenging every action taken by every official whose claim to office could be open to question, and seeks to protect the public by insuring the orderly functioning of the government despite technical defects in title to office.” 63A Am.Jur.2d, Public Officers and Employees § 578, pp. 1080-1081 (1984) (footnote omitted). The doctrine has been relied upon by this Court in several cases involving challenges by criminal defendants to the authority of a judge who participated in some part of the proceedings leading to their conviction and sentence.Ryder, 515 U.S. 177, 180-81 (1995).
+1
I don’t see why he (BO) hasn’t released any of his vital records as of yet. What is there to hide. That’s the real issue here. I commend Lakin for his efforts to, at a minimum, expose who our “most transparent President ever”…is, whether he is qualified to hold office …or not. Who the heck is this guy in the White House anyway?
2 million dollars to keep all vital records sealed. Can a president do that? Shouldn’t we know who this guy is? what his beliefs are? Who he allies himself with? His thought process? HOW COULD WE ELECT A PRESIDENT THAT WE KNOW ABSOLUTELY NOTHING ABOUT? Someone pinch me…I must be dreaming.
Lakin/Palin 2012
I understand you and others have questions about the President. The Senate of the United States, with then Vice-President Cheney as its president certified the election. Had there been an issue then at least two members of the Senate could have lodged an objection and caused an investigation. Now, absent impeachment President Obama is president. As far as I can tell, the only legal way to get the information you and others desire is to convince the Congress to vote articles of impeachment, and the senate trial that might flow from that might delve into the issue of actual qualifications. I think the fact that none of these steps have been taken in Congress is telling.
The issue of President Obama’s legitimacy as president is totally irrelevant to LTC Lakin’s military legal problems for disobeying orders. No-one questions LTC Lakin’s right to hold an opinion, no matter how wrong or ill-advised it might be. The issue is that he has stated and exercised his opinion in a way that has caused him to violate the UCMJ. My view is that he is playing politics with the Army and his career. Like it or not (and he’s not been charged with these offenses) he’s playing politics while in uniform and using his uniform and rank for political purposes. This is in violation of several military regulations regarding political activity by military personnel. I think the authorities have exercised good judgement in not charging LTC Lakin with a host of offenses for which there is probable cause to believe he committed and arguably continues to commit.
Having taken an oath as a military officer he has to follow orders even if he doesn’t like the order. His legal arguments are fatally flawed. His orders are not illegal on their face. They do not for example order him to commit a crime. As has been explained many times by those of us who practice military law on a daily basis, orders are presumed lawful and disobeyed at the persons peril. I would have thought that people who don’t practice military law as their profession and haven’t studied and carried out military law would give credit to those of us who do in that we likely know our business. However, the response seems to be that no matter what those educated and practiced in military law say is irrelevant because we don’t like the answer. That’s fine, each to his own. But this is LTC Lakin’s career and potential to gain retirement eligibility that is on the line. That is what he and his advisors should be focussed on.
In this case there is nothing to indicate that the orders were not lawfully issued by the Army and that he didn’t receive and understand the orders. Unfortunately for him, he and his lawyer have made and published highly damaging admissions that his conduct was intentional. Any military member setting out on such a course should have read and understood several pertinent cases on point. The cases have been mentioned before, but they bear repeating: United States v. New, 55 M.J. 95 (C.A.A.F. 2000), United States v. Rockwood, 52 M.J. 98 (C.A.A.F. 1999), United States v. Huet=Vaughn, 43 M.J. 105 (C.A.A.F. 1995).
I would recommend LTC Lakin’s defense pay particular attention to Huet-Vaughn. She was dismissed and sentenced to 30 months confinement. Her claim was that she was a conscientious objector. There are many quotes from this case that might be reviewed, but here is one that is found fairly consistently in these types of cases:
“To the extent that CPT Huet-Vaughn quit her unit because of moral or ethical reservations, her beliefs were irrelevant because they did not constitute a defense. See para. 14c(2)(a)(iii), Part IV, Manual, supra (“dictates of a person’s conscience, religion, or personal philosophy cannot justify or excuse the disobedience of an otherwise lawful order”); United States v. Moylan, 417 F.2d at 1008 (“The exercise of a moral judgment based upon individual standards does not carry with it legal justification or immunity from punishment for breach of the law.”).”
I would cite you to a number of other cases that ought to have been consulted. These aren’t all of them by any means.
Defense burden to prove illegal unless order is “palpably illegal on its face.” United States v. Kapla, 22 C.M.R. 825, 827 (A.F.B.R. 1956). This does not allow soldier to disobey an order because believes it to be palpably illegal.
Conscience, religion, or personal philosophy cannot justify or excuse the disobedience of lawful order. See United States v. Hughey, 46 M.J. 152, 154 and n.2 (C.A.A.F. 1997).
Sorry to bring, or try to bring, reality to LTC Lakin’s predicament.
Sincerely.
Is the “de facto doctrine” ever codified into the UCMJ? If so, does it make all orders by a non-eligible official lawful (unless ordering illegal acts), OR does it say that as long as the acts ordered aren’t illegal, the non-lawful orders by the ineligible official are STILL TO BE OBEYED?
IOW, have the orders of ineligible officials ever been defined as “lawful orders”?
It makes a difference as to how the military would charge Lakin. If there were no lawful orders given, then he can’t be charged with disobeying a lawful order. He COULD be charged with violating the “de facto doctrine”, which requires him to obey non-lawful orders if the only reason they are non-lawful is because the person giving them is ineligible.
So the question is where the “de facto doctrine” is codified and whether it redefines non-lawful orders as lawful orders. If it doesn’t, then Lakin is being charged with the wrong thing. Article 92 isn’t the rule which required Lakin to follow Obama’s deployment orders, if Obama is only the de facto president. The “de facto doctrine” would be the rule that would apply.
butterdezillion, thanks for the question.
The de facto officer doctrine is not codified in the UCMJ. However, there are many cases, including those of the U.S. Supreme Court that state the doctrine. It is a judicial rule of prudence and necessity. LTC Lakin could always argue, but I don’t think he has, that the doctrine should not be applied in this case. But that’s a question of the doctrine’s applicability to the facts not its correctness. LTC Lakin is free to argue, although despite being given the opportunity he has failed to do so far, the legal question with more than broad conclusory statements.
It is not a criminal offense to violate the de facto officer doctrine. So he can’t be charged with that.
The de facto officer doctrine is, IMHO, irrelevant to this case because the president’s status as president doesn’t matter. LTC Lakin isn’t charged with violating a personal order of the president. I’m quite certain, assuming he was given the opportunity, MAJ Kemkes has explained this to LTC Lakin. And BTW I don’t think a military member could be charged with disobedience of a president’s personal order under Article 92, UCMJ anyway. That’s not to say that a military member could not be charged with failure to obey an order of the president, just not under Article 92, UCMJ. This would be the same question in any case where it was contemplated that a military member violated an order of a civilian official, for example the Secretary of Defense or Secretary of one of the services.
I don’t know of specific instances where a case finds orders “lawful” even when there is a finding that the giver of the order was “ineligible” to give them. I haven’t done that research. What I suspect there may be are cases where the order was not deemed lawful because the person giving the order didn’t have authority to give the order in the first place. So, it revolves around the lawfulness question not the eligibility (to use your term) question. And to restate, even if President Obama isn’t really president it doesn’t matter. Presidential orders, like those of the department secretaries and military commander usually flow from the office not the person. In LTC Lakin’s case that applies to the written order to deploy. As to the additional orders violations they appear to be charged as personal orders of the individual who gave them and their authority appears unquestionable on the face of the charge sheet. The most common situation, in my experience, is where the order seeks to regulate personal behavior that is beyond the power of the military to regulate or which is so broad it is constitutionally unenforceable. United States v. Aycock, 15 U.S.C.M.A. 158, 35 C.M.R. 130 (1964) and United States v. Wysong, 9 U.S.C.M.A. 249, 26 C.M.R. 29 (1958) come readily to mind. The anthrax cases also come to mind in terms of authority to give orders affecting the person’s health. Many people refused the anthrax inoculations and so the cases were litigated. I would commend to you United States v. Kisala, 64 M.J. 50 (C.A.A.F. 2006). I don’t usually do this — practice headnote law — but let me give you the headnote points because they again reinforce the law of orders violation applicable to LTC Lakin’s case.
1. Fundamental to an effective armed force is the obligation of obedience to lawful orders; reflecting the authority of this principle, an order is presumed to be lawful, and a subordinate disobeys an order at his own peril; however, a servicemember may challenge the lawfulness of an order at the time it is given or in later disciplinary proceedings.
2. The essential attributes of a lawful order that sustain the presumption of lawfulness include: (1) issuance by competent authority – a person authorized by applicable law to give such an order; (2) communication of words that express a specific mandate to do or not do a specific act; and (3) relationship of the mandate to a military duty; in light of the presumption of lawfulness, long-standing principles of military justice place the burden of rebutting this presumption on the accused.
3. There is a presumption that orders are lawful; under this presumption, the servicemember challenging the order bears the burden of demonstrating the illegality.
4. In Kisala, as with other similar anthrax cases, the appellant, charged with disobeying an order to receive an anthrax vaccination, failed to rebut the presumption that the order to receive the vaccination was lawful; the National Institute of Health licensed the vaccine for use against anthrax, and the Food and Drug Administration has not actively decided to suspend or revoke the license; the vaccine’s license has never been suspended or revoked; and appellant has not shown that the license was erroneously granted. Because appellant failed to establish that the anthrax vaccine is an investigational new drug or a drug unapproved for its applied use, the notice requirements of 10 U.S.C. § 1107 that require the Secretary of Defense to give servicemembers notice that such a new or unapproved drug will be administered were not implicated by the order to receive the vaccine; additionally, Exec. Order 13,139, directing that DoD obtain informed consent from each individual to whom an investigational new drug is to be administered unless the Secretary of Defense can justify a need for a waiver of informed consent from the President, was not implicated by the order to receive the vaccine.
As we all know, or should know, from United States v. New, it will be up to the military judge at trial to determine whether or not the order is lawful. LTC Lakin will have the opportunity to challenge the authority of the Army officials who issued the written order and the individuals who, apparently orally, issued the further orders to comply with orders. There is a potential legal issue of the “ultimate offense” doctrine and unreasonable multiplication of charges that may play out here. But my sense is that LTC Lakin will ultimately lose on that issue also. For these issues I would commend United States v. Quiroz, 55 M.J. 334 (C.A.A.F. 2001) (online at http://goo.gl/vmJD ); United States v. Brownlow, 39 M.J. 484 (C.M.A. 1994); and United States v. Peaches, 25 M.J. 364 (C.M.A. 1987), which my colleagues and I frequently find ourselves litigating.
As I think I’ve said, the de facto officer doctrine is irrelevant to LTC Lakin’s case. The reason it has come up in discussion is just that — a discussion of what if’s. Lawyers do, or should do, that all the time. It’s called mooting the point. So just because it has come up in discussion as a valid rule of law doesn’t mean it is relevant to LTC Lakin’s case. As I regularly tell young counsel — focus — mission focus — on the issues. That’s not to say that a good defense counsel shouldn’t seek to identify issues regardless of merit. One of the written professional ethical obligations does allow counsel to litigate on issues that may not have been decided or not decided favorable to the client and advocate for a change in the law.
(I’m sorry not all of the cases we (myself, CAAFLog, others) cite are available on line to the general public. The benefits of internet technology have taken a while to make this stuff generally available.)
Another question about whether the military can question the legality of “political decisions”: What constitutes a “political issue”? Couldn’t the people charged at Nuremburg have said that scientific experiments on Jews, etc were “political issues” – especially given that a law had been passed stripping Jews of normal legal protections offered to “the higher race”?
Orders that are “illegal on their face” wouldn’t be illegal any more if Congress (for instance) legalized them. Since Germany legalized discrimination against Jews, would not German soldiers have been questioning a “political decision” if they refused to treat Jews as commanded by the Nazi military leadership and as allowed by the laws passed by the Nazi regime?
In America the issue is compounded by the question of “standing”. Who but military members would have “standing” to question the legality of a “political decision” affecting the military? The combination of “standing” and “political question” issues basically means that nobody can question the legality of any decisions involving the military.
How does that translate into anything BUT the military being the president’s personal militia = i.e. the US as a Banana Republic? Seems to me that if these principles are applied without the allowance for exceptions, we’ve tied our hands behind our back to make sure nobody can tie our hands behind our back.
Political decisions that end up in legislation are challenged all the time. This is different from the political question doctrine which is a legal rule of prudence that the courts apply in certain limited situations. There are some questions that the courts refuse to answer because they are properly decided in the political arena between the legislature, the executive, and the electorate not the courts. Actually, that’s one of the conservative themes of judicial restraint is it not, the courts are interfering in politics and legislating? Here is a link to Wikipedia on the point: http://goo.gl/A9Ih
Cornell University’s Legal Information Institute (http://goo.gl/mbFL) can be a useful source of information. Here is what they say:
“Federal courts will refuse to hear a case if they find it presents a political question. This phrase is construed narrowly, and it does not stop courts from hearing cases about controversial issues like abortion, or politically important topics like campaign finance. Rather, the Supreme Court has held that federal courts should not hear cases which deal directly with issues that Constitution makes the sole responsibility of the other branches of government. Baker v Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962). Therefore, the Court has held that the conduct of foreign relations is the sole responsibility of the executive branch, and cases challenging the way the executive is using that power present political questions. Oetjen v. Central Leather Co., 246 U.S. 297 (1918). Similarly, the Court has held that lawsuits challenging congress’ procedure for impeachment proceedings present political questions. Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993).”
As we commentators have alluded, it is now a question for the Congress as to whether President Obama is the president. The Senate under the leadership of Vice-President Cheney certified the results of the election and the president was sworn in to office. Objections could have been made but weren’t. Now the status of the president as a legitimate office-holder is at least a political question, not a legal one. That horse left the gate months ago.
The Nuremberg defendants couldn’t use a “political question” defense anymore than anyone else could. They could have raised a defense that the experiments were legal under state and international law. But remember, raising a defense doesn’t automatically mean the defense will succeed or should succeed depending on the facts, or that such a defense even exists in law. I’ve seen other supporters of LTC Lakin seek to use the Nuremberg prosecutions as justification for his actions. Rather, I think they prove the point against him. I might add such comments trivialize the outrageous behavior prosecuted at Nuremberg by analogizing LTC Lakin’s behavior to what the German leaders should have done and failed today. 1lt Calley or CPT Medina had a better “Nuremberg” defense argument if they had done their duty than does LTC Lakin in arguing he has done his duty.
If you are arguing that LTC Lakin is making a political statement which he is allowed to do then you are furthering and supporting my argument that he is also in violation of several other General Orders regulating political expression and conduct while in uniform. As I’ve stated elsewhere I believe there’s sufficient evidence to prosecute him for that offense under Article 92, UCMJ. However, I agree with the present strategy of the prosecution of keeping the case simple and further limit the injection of politics into a question of discipline.
I’ll leave the other parts of your question to the political blogs.
Cheers.
Thank you for the amazing research and information, including Viking’s comment at /-7. We’re wondering what happens after the 32 hearing… above it’s mentioned, “In reality it is often a mere road-bump on the way to trial.” For the layperson, what does that mean from a timing and news standpoint? Will it take a long time for the actual trial? Does Lakin face any risk at the 32 of being arrested? How will the Lakin camp try to spin this?
When your Legislative and Executive branch fail to recognize or act upon the obvious, then what are the alternatives? BHO is ineligible to be president…regardless of his birth place. BHO admits his father was a Kenyan national at birth and that makes BHO a British subject under British Common Law
The very nature of the Natural Born Citizen clause emphasis that you cannot have dual citizenship (elegance) at birth. (PERIOD) All other office you are eligible for with a dual citizen ship at birth…but not the office of the POTUS. He needs to go, or the clause needs to be changes to reflect an “updated” thought process, but until that happens he is in violation of the Constitution of the United States and Lakin is well within his rights to oppose his usurpation.
IT’S THAT SIMPLE.
While I disagree, I understand your points. But for LTC Lakin and his court-martial the point is irrelevant. No amount of argumentation about presidential qualifications can help or affect LTC Lakin’s likely trajectory toward court-martial and conviction at court-martial.
Pete,
Sorry for the delay. Not sure why your comment / question got hung up. And Viking and I are one and the same.
“For the layperson, what does that mean from a timing and news standpoint?” There will be no Article 32 hearing. LTC Lakin waived that today. I anticipate we will know in three to four weeks whether he will be prosecuted at court-martial. Stay tuned.
“Will it take a long time for the actual trial?” A trial such as this would normally take about a day and a half. However, it’s possible that it will drag out for two or three days. I would anticipate the trial will be done before Halloween.
“Does Lakin face any risk at the 32 of being arrested?” No, he is not in pretrial confinement or restriction now. So long as he does not indicate an intent to avoid trial or commit further offenses he will remain free until trial.
“How will the Lakin camp try to spin this?” Well actually they have given up a tremendous spin already by waiving the Article 32. They have been complaining about how unfair the Article 32 is. Well, you have to have a 32 and litigate its fairness or unfairness. Basically at this point they’ve waived any and all errors (assuming there were) in the Article 32 process. They have no more cause to complain.
Many thanks for the outstanding explanations, my message was prior to the waiver of the 32 so I really appreciate your taking the time to comment. A few followups if you have a moment and think they would be helpful to others as well:
1. I understand that the IO’s report is not binding on the Judge (will that be MG Horst?) but as you’ve pointed out, Driscoll’s experience makes it likely his report will be well respected. In light of that, will Team Lakin get another bite of the apple regarding discovery? Or can/will the IO’s shutdown prevail?
2. I’ve read there’s a difference between conditional and unconditional waivers; the statement didn’t mention which LTC Lakin selected. Would that make any difference?
3. I’ve seen that sometimes a 32 is waived if there’s a plea in progress but I’m not at all confident with 99% of the people opining on this matter. Could there be a plea in progress? What potential plea could be arranged and in your experience is this a possible outcome?
4. Between the EDN, arraignment and discovery, how quickly do these matters proceed? Specifically, do you see this coming back up before the 2010 Elections and considering they are pursuing this (incorrectly) as a political question, are there things Team Lakin can do bring this to a boil in, say, October?
Thank you again, fascinating information.
“When your Legislative and Executive branch fail to recognize or act upon the obvious, then what are the alternatives? BHO is ineligible to be president…regardless of his birth place. BHO admits his father was a Kenyan national at birth and that makes BHO a British subject under British Common Law
The very nature of the Natural Born Citizen clause emphasis that you cannot have dual citizenship (elegance) at birth. (PERIOD) All other office you are eligible for with a dual citizen ship at birth…but not the office of the POTUS. He needs to go, or the clause needs to be changes to reflect an “updated” thought process, but until that happens he is in violation of the Constitution of the United States and Lakin is well within his rights to oppose his usurpation.
IT’S THAT SIMPLE.”
—
Unfortunately for your position, there is no law and there is no decision by the US Supreme Court ever rendered that backs up you up. In fact, with specific regard to Barack Hussein Obama, the Indiana Court of Appeals ruled that the birthplace of one’s parents has no bearing whatsoever on eligibility to be president under Article II, Section 1, Clause 4 of the US Constititution.
Here’s what the Court said: “Based upon the language of Article II, Section 1, Clause 4 and the guidance provided by [the Supreme Court of the United States in their 1898 decision in the case of U.S. v.] Wong Kim Ark, we conclude that persons born within the borders of the United States are “natural born Citizens” for Article II, Section 1 purposes, regardless of the citizenship of their parents. Just as a person “born within the British dominions [was] a natural-born British subject” at the time of the framing of the U.S. Constitution, so too were those “born in the allegiance of the United States natural-born citizens.”—Indiana Court of Appeals, “Ankeny et. al. v The Governor of Indiana, Mitch Daniels,” Nov. 12, 2009
You are purposefully misrepresenting the facts. The courts determined he was a “citizen” they did not converge the title of “natural born citizen” on Wong. There is a distinct difference. The constitution allows for a citizen IE: “Mr. Wong” to be a Senator, Representative, ETC. The constitution purposefully differentiates been the two for being president. Nowhere in US vs Wong does it mention a “natural” born citizen. That case was mealy on “Citizenship”. To hold the office of the President of the United States one must be a “Natural” born citizen.
Vattel’s The Law of Nations stipulates the difference between the two and specifically says… to be a “NATURAL” born citizen one must “born to parents of citizens”. This was the law “book” called upon when our constitution was written.
Nice try.
Haven’t you noticed? No American court has cared about a Swiss author’s 18th century legal treatiste. Barack Obama has been the 44th President of the United States for a year and a half now.
The Supreme Court of the United States has had eight different Obama eligibility suit appeals reach them for Justices Cert Conferences and every one of those eight appeals has been denied.
That’s Berg v Obama, Craig v US, Donofrio v Wells, Beverly v FEC, Herbert v Obama, Lightfoot v Bowen, Schneller v Cortes and Wrotnowski v Bysiewicz. All rejected for hearings before the full court.
Looks like the deck is stacked. All the oath taking to protect and defend the Constitution has been for naught. All these Military officers forgot their oaths once they took it. The military is corrupt as the regular judiciary.
Pete:
1. I understand that the IO’s report is not binding on the Judge (will that be MG Horst?) but as you’ve pointed out, Driscoll’s experience makes it likely his report will be well respected. In light of that, will Team Lakin get another bite of the apple regarding discovery? Or can/will the IO’s shutdown prevail?
Yes, under R.C.M. 701 they can request discovery, and they surely will. Should the prosecution deny discovery then LTC Lakin can request that the military judge order discovery. If the military judge believes that the requested information is relevant, necessary, material or could lead to relevant material he can order discovery. However, this is the point that we have been trying to make. Based on the current charges nothing LTC Lakin is requesting is relevant. And, the military judge could say that the COLB already available is sufficient.
2. I’ve read there’s a difference between conditional and unconditional waivers; the statement didn’t mention which LTC Lakin selected. Would that make any difference?
Good question. I don’t know which format they used. Normally an unconditional waiver occurs when there are pretrial negotiations. For all practical purposes though this is effectively an unconditional waiver.
3. I’ve seen that sometimes a 32 is waived if there’s a plea in progress but I’m not at all confident with 99% of the people opining on this matter. Could there be a plea in progress? What potential plea could be arranged and in your experience is this a possible outcome?
I doubt a pretrial negotiation is ongoing. Although I’ve heard rumors. I think a negotiation for resolution short of court-martial is no longer on the table. If anything I suspect the negotiation would relate to the amount of confinement time. He could submit a resignation in-lieu of trial under Chapter 10, but I’m not convinced it would be accepted.
4. Between the EDN, arraignment and discovery, how quickly do these matters proceed? Specifically, do you see this coming back up before the 2010 Elections and considering they are pursuing this (incorrectly) as a political question, are there things Team Lakin can do bring this to a boil in, say, October?
Under normal circumstances a case like this should be done and over by August. But there are other factors at play. I do see the possibility of this being done and over by September, no later than October. I think the electorate, at least the thinking electorate are well past this issue.
Looking at http://usmilitary.about.com/od/punitivearticles/a/mcm92.htm , under the explanation for the elements, the element of lawfulness is described this way:
“(c) A general order or regulation is lawful unless it is contrary to the Constitution, the laws of the United States, or lawful superior orders or for some other reason is beyond the authority of the official issuing it. See the discussion of lawfulness in paragraph 14c(2)(a).”
It seems to me that this states directly that an order issued contrary to the Constitution is an unlawful order. The Constitution doesn’t waive the natural born citizenship requirement simply because somebody certifies an election. The Constitution forbids anyone who is not a natural born US citizen from being the Commander-in-Chief. If Obama is not a natural born citizen, then his orders are – as the description mentions – “contrary to the Constitution”.
The authorization for the use of force against those who perpetrated 9-11 was given to the president. Someone who is not the valid president cannot issue a lawful general order moving our troops into combat operations on foreign soil. Without a valid presidential order, Lakin’s commander has no more authority to deploy him to Afghanistan than he would have to deploy him to Iran at the current time. His orders to Lakin would be – as the description above states – “beyond the authority of the official issuing it.”
It seems to me that this description makes clear that the constitutionality of an order is not a political issue but a legitimate qualifier for the lawfulness of an order – an issue the military has a duty to resolve. Since the military cannot resolve issues of Constitutionality on their own, they would have to ask the civil courts to decide this – which keeps the military within its boundaries of not deciding the law. If the military refused to refer this to a civil court for a decision the military would be over-stepping their authority by deciding the law on their own.
To date, all courts have refused to address the issue because they say that nobody has “standing” – that nobody is personally harmed if a usurper is acting as president. All this case would do – if it is handled rightly – is force the civil courts to address the question because – yes – somebody DOES give a damn whether the Constitution is trashed. Without a valid CIC there are no lawful orders for combat operations. All Lakin’s case is intended to do is to force the civil courts to acknowledge that it does INDEED hurt “somebody” if the Constitution is trashed.
What most folks don’t know is that the HDOH has already confirmed – in 2 different ways through official communications – that the Factcheck COLB is a forgery. They have made a statutory admission that Obama’s birth certificate has been amended (which must be noted on a genuine COLB but isn’t noted on Factcheck) and have confirmed that the certificate numbers were always issued by the state registrar on the “date filed” (making the Factcheck “date filed” incompatible with the Nordyke twins’ certificates, since Obama’s was supposedly given a number 3 days earlier but the number given was 2 later than the Nordyke twins’). Documentation for all this is at http://butterdezillion.wordpress.com/2010/01/11/red-flags-in-hawaii-2/
Hawaii law says that an amended birth certificate doesn’t qualify as prima facie evidence. HRS 338-17 says that the probative value of a late or amended BC must be determined by an administrative or judicial person or body when presented as evidence. The facts of Obama’s birth CANNOT be determined simply by Nancy Pelosi looking at Obama’s birth certificate (even though the HDOH has confirmed that nobody in the DNC or Hawaii Democratic Party has ever even ASKED to see Obama’s documents) because she is legislative – not administrative or judicial.
And every judge to date has refused to look at the BC. Obama is – literally – an undocumented worker. According to law he’s not even supposed to be able to receive a federal paycheck until his documentation is verified.
So we know that anybody who certified Obama’s eligibility (and the only one who even claims to have done that is Nancy Pelosi) absolutely committed perjury in doing so – because the facts of Obama’s birth can only be determined by a judge looking at the BC itself when it is presented as evidence. And we know that has never happened.
There’s also the fact that LTC Driscoll in his report made several mentions of the failure on the part of the defense team even to attempt to offer appropriate legal arguments.
The American Patriot Foundation, the group raising money to support Lakin’s legal defense fund, claims that it expects the fees and costs to exceed $500,000. There is certainly no way that the shoddy legal work so far exhibited is costing anywhere near that much.
This further reinforces the perception that the benefits of the fund-raising are not inuring to LTC Lakin; rather he is being used as a poster boy for the Foundation’s own mercenary agenda.
Butterdezillion repeatedly says “It seems to me …” in her long re-writing of the law to suit her, and therein is her problem.
No matter how it seems to her, or what arguments she and her friends may make that things should be the way they want them, what will matter is how the law and the facts seem to the judges.
I suppose the purpose is to keep the money flowing in from the true believers, because I can’t imagine any other reason.
I think US District Court Judge David O. Carter put it best. Judge Carter accepted a commission in the United States Marine Corps. He was promptly dispatched into service in Vietnam during the Vietnam War where he fought in the Battle of Khe Sahn in 1968. Carter was released as a First Lieutenant following his service in Vietnam. His military awards and decorations include a Bronze Star and a Purple Heart.
“Plaintiffs have encouraged the Court to ignore mandates of the Constitution; to disregard the limits put on its power put in place by the Constitution; and to effectively overthrow a sitting president who was popularly elected by “We the people”–over sixty nine million of the people.
Plaintiffs have attacked the judiciary, including every prior court that has dismissed their claim, as unpatriotic and even treasonous for refusing to grant their requests and for adhering to the terms of the Constitution which set forth its jurisdiction. Respecting the Constitutional role and jurisdiction of this court is not unpatriotic. Quite the contrary, this Court considers commitment to that constitutional role to be the ultimate reflection of patriotism.”–US Federal District Court Judge David O. Carter in dismissing “Captain Pamela Barnett, et. al. v Barack H. Obama, et. al.” October 29, 2009
Ducktape, I am a teacher by training, not a lawyer. I don’t know what penumbras the lawyers put around Article 92 in order to interpret it to mean the opposite of what it actually says.
I deal with basic reading comprehension, and a straightforward reading of Article 92 and the description of the elements contained in it shows that Constitutionality of an order from the very top is in NO WAY a “political question” but at the very center of whether a person can accurately be accused of violating a “lawful order”.
I suppose the lawyers can so mangle things that the words no longer mean anything in reality, but me saying this is about equivalent to a little kid saying, “The emperor is naked.” I say what I see.
I have asked the military lawyers on Free Republic, and nobody is willing to say that Lakin’s brigade commander could issue a lawful order deploying Lakin to Iran right now. The only way his orders to deploy Lakin to Afghanistan are lawful is if the general order for combat operations in Afghanistan is a lawful order by the person authorized to give that general order: and the resolution passed after 9-11 gave that authority only to “the president”. If Obama is not a Constitutional president, then his military orders are “contrary to the Constitution” and thus not lawful (by definition of the elements in Article 92), and Lakin’s brigade commander has acted outside his authority in ordering Lakin to Afghanistan.
When I see the claims being made and then look with my own eyes and see what Article 92 actually says it makes me wonder whether the current military leadership can be trusted, or whether they are just as corrupt as every other government entity I’ve had experience with.
Then when I find out that Quantico and Centcom are constantly trying to hack The Post & E-mail, it REALLY makes me wonder what the heck is going on. Exactly who do they think their “enemy” is? All the talk about the military not being “political” is revealed to be a huge lie when you realize that the military leadership is attacking news websites reporting facts inconvenient to the “politics” of the current administration.
Guys, the emperor is naked. The people are waking up to that fact, and it’s not going to be pretty when it becomes known that Obama has remained in power because of a military cabal bent on protecting him instead of protecting the US Constitution and the United States of America, as they swore to do. The military may not have PUT Obama in power; the corrupt government, media, and law enforcement systems have done that. But the military is sure as heck doing everything they can to KEEP him in power – against their own oaths and the law.
This issue is destroying the credibility of the US military. I have nothing but respect for the men and women who fight for this country. Unfortunately, I can’t say the same for the military leadership as I observe the political games they are playing with the lives of our brave men and women. I believe our men and women in uniform are the cream of the crop, the best we have to offer, who are doing the hardest and most noble work in incredibly difficult circumstances and with little fanfare or thanks. I believe they deserve better than to have their leadership sell them and their noble oaths down the river because of “politics”. We saw it with the Haditha guys, with Nidal Hasan, and we see it now. Our military heroes deserve better than that.
I appreciate there is a wide range of views about President Obama’s legitimacy as president. However, I would prefer we stay focussed on the issues: LTC Lakin and his pending court-martial. As has been explained more than once, whether or not the president is really president is in LTC Lakin’s case completely irrelevant.
Until Mr. Jensen comes up with a some legal “scholarship” which demonstrates relevance, I would ask we not have further discussion about the president on this comment thread.
Mr. Jensen was given and waived an opportunity to provide some legal scholarship on the potential relevance of the president’s legal right to be president.
I look forward to dissecting his legal arguments placed before a military judge for the judge’s consideration on whether or not to order discovery or the production of witnesses at government expense. Note, while the military judge might deny witness production at government expense there is nothing preventing LTC Lakin (or them) paying their own way. However, on a further note, just because they show up wanting to testify, the military judge can still exclude their testimony. He would evaluate the testimony for relevance and do a balancing test under Mil. R. Evid. 403.
Thanks.
The “Elements” section with Article 92 says that an order is lawful if it is not (among other things) contrary to the Constitution or laws, or beyond the authority of the official who issues it.
A person doesn’t need “legal scholarship” to see that an order that is contrary to the Constitution is not a lawful order under those definitions – any more than it takes “legal scholarship” to see that “The cat is dead” means that the cat is dead. It is a matter of simple reading comprehension. If the IO can’t tell that much just by reading then no amount of “legal scholarship” is going to help him see it.
Because the authorization of the use of force which was enacted after 9-11 gives the authority to “the President”, only a president can issue those general orders. Just as a brigade commander could not issue deployment orders to Iran right now because the decision to initiate combat operations in a foreign country is beyond his/her authority to do…. a brigade commander would be acting outside his/her authority to deploy troops to Afghanistan without a lawful order for the use of force (which was only given to the President).
So if the orders issued by the alleged POTUS are contrary to the Constitution and/or against the law, then the brigade commander’s orders would be just as unlawful as if he had ordered Lt Col Lakin to Iran right now. HE doesn’t have the authority to make that kind of decision.
This is plainly stated in the description of the “Elements” of Article 92, which clearly make the Constitutionality of an order of paramount importance – NOT a mere “political” issue but the very crux of the lawfulness of the orders. No way is constitutionality irrelevant if the lawfulness is absolutely dependent on it.
By insisting that there has to be “legal scholarship” the IO is basically telling us he can’t read for himself. In such a case, why is he even in the position he’s in? And why should he be able to punish Lakin just because the IO can’t read?
I know this is not what you want to hear, but I don’t know how else to say it. We can argue about how many angels can dance on the head of a pin and deny justice to anybody who refuses to play that game with us, but the clear language of Article 92 and the description of the “Elements” of it have to be reckoned with….. if we are still a nation under the rule of law.
And that is the crux of this issue. When the elements of Article 92 are defined, are those definitions legally binding on the IO, or does there have to be “legal scholarship” before he is accountable to the actual law?
If Lakin’s direct superiors had ordered him to Iran, would it be a lawful order? What factors would determine the lawfulness of the order?
Viking, you said, “whether or not the president is really president is in LTC Lakin’s case completely irrelevant.”
If someone who is not a natural born US citizen gave orders as commander-in-chief, would that be – as phrased in the definitions associated with Article 92 – “contrary to the Constitution”? Does the Constitution allow someone who is not a natural born citizen to act as the commander-in-chief? If so, where is that stated in the Constitution?
LTC Lakin is NOT accused of violating an order from the President. And if he were, I’m not convinced it would be prosecuted under Article 92, UCMJ, because the president (or any other civilian official like the secretary of defense) is not subject to the UCMJ or a member of the armed forces.
Note this language of Article 92, UCMJ, “(2) having knowledge of any other lawful order issued BY ANY MEMBER OF THE ARMED FORCES, which it is his duty to obey, fails to obey the order;” Thus the person giving the order has to be subject to the UCMJ.
And so far no one has explained to me why it is only these orders LTC Lakin has refused to follow since the president was sworn in. If LTC Lakin, and your argument, is correct, why has he not refused ALL orders? Why has he accepted his pay which is given to him by your argument by the president? Why does he show up to work everyday, that’s an order? To me this failure just demonstrates the complete paucity of legal justification, poverty of arguments by LTC Lakin and others on the issue, and a complete and utter hypocrisy.
Do you have a cogent explanation or argument for why LTC Lakin has cherry picked which orders he will or won’t follow? Does anyone? If someone can convince me of a rational explanation for that dichotomy then I might be more inclined to accept other arguments — maybe.
And of course there is United States v. New. By scholarship I include LTC Lakin having to explain why this case does not resolve many of the issues against him.
Sincerely.
The other orders Lakin’s brigade commander gave were within his authority to give because the chain of command had the authority. But the authorization for the use of force in Afghanistan was only given to the president. That means that if there was no valid president who gave that general order, then the brigade commander was acting above his authority – sending a guy to foreign combat operations that were not authorized by the only person able to authorize them: the president.
If there are no lawful orders to go to war in Afghanistan, then a brigade commander would be acting above his authority to send somebody there for combat operations. Obama is authorized by LAW to give the order because he is recognized as the president. But the orders he gives will still be “contrary to the Constitution” if he is not a natural born citizen – because the Constitution itself forbids anyone who is not a natural born citizen from BEING the president and commander-in-chief. Him being president isn’t against the protocols (certified, sworn in, etc) but it IS contrary to the Constitution if he is not a natural born citizen. The “elements” described for Article 92 show clearly that an order not only has to be within the law but ALSO can’t be contrary to the Constitution.
And if the president hasn’t issued lawful orders for the use of force in Afghanistan, then the brigade commander is acting above his authority by issuing orders for the use of force in Afghanistan – because the president is the ONLY ONE that Congress gave that authority to.
Does that make sense?
The same question comes up in regards to what would happen with laws passed if Obama is ever shown to not be a valid, Constitutional president. The lawyers I’ve spoken with say that it would be as if there was no president at all. So anything that can be done without a valid president would still stand. Laws made that were signed by Obama would still be in effect because if they had sent the bill to the president and no president had signed it, it still would have become law since it hadn’t been vetoed. It doesn’t need a president’s signature to become law. It just needs to not be vetoed by a president.
So to understand the impact of Obama not being a valid, Constitutional president, you have to view everything he’s done as if he hasn’t done it, since no valid, Constitutional president has done those things. The military can do some things without a president ordering things. The upper ranks have authority to do some things, and as long as the orders they give are within their authority and not contrary to the law or the Constitution, those orders are lawful. Lakin has obeyed those orders. But some things can only be done by a real president: only a president can nominate Supreme Court justices (for instance). And the resolution authorizing the use of force to go after those who perpetrated 9-11 only gave that authority to the president.
That’s why Lakin disobeyed only those orders. Without a valid, Constitutional president authorizing the use of force, his brigade commander was acting outside his authority in ordering him to Afghanistan. It was not a lawful order because it was beyond the authority of the person who gave the orders. If Obama could give orders in line with the Constitution then the brigade commander would not have been acting beyond his authority when he gave the orders. So the lawfulness of the orders Lakin received absolutely depend on whether Obama can give lawful orders (orders not contrary to the Constitution).
No, the argument does not make sense.
LTC Lakin’s argument, and that of the birthers in general is that President Obama is not lawfully president. Under that argument NOTHING that he has done is legal. It’s an all or nothing argument.
And that shows the inconsistency and frankly inanity of LTC Lakin’s argument, it’s internally inconsistent. It is inconsistent with the birther argument. While I completely disagree with the birther argument, they are at least being consistent. LTC Lakin has cherry-picked and that will be an additional reason he should lose. Because he has constructed his cherry-picking own argument, that fits his case much more closer to United States v. Huett-Vaughn than he realizes. And perhaps this reflects a paucity of legal research done before he launched his public confession and intention to refuse to obey orders. Sadly he has created an interesting media event(s), but created his own downfall IMHO.
Your argument is not consistent with LTC Lakin’s argument. Your argument assumes that President Obama is lawfully president, but that the order for troops to deploy to AStan is unlawful. That’s a completely different argument. Also, AStan orders have been issued by prior presidents have they not? So Obama is merely continuing the already approved policy to deploy to AStan.
Sincerely.
Are you saying that Lakin’s brigade commanders are acting under the authority of GW Bush? What order did Obama issue and is it different than GW Bush’s general order for combat operations in Afghanistan?
If this is the argument that the military wants to make then that’s the argument that they should make – that Lakin’s orders are lawful because President Bush authorized combat operations in Afghanistan and everybody in the military is just continuing under Bush’s orders.
Is that what you’re saying?
And I should add that if that is their argument, then they should stop saying that the Constitutionality of the order doesn’t matter because their argument is that GW BUSH gave Constitutional orders, and therefore the orders are lawful because they were given by HIM.
If I understand correctly, one of the reasons Lakin obeyed the previous orders is because they were under the blanket of Bush’s general orders unless and until Obama issued new orders to replace them – which he finally did, after dithering about for months and then ignoring what his commanders said they needed. Lakin disobeyed no orders until after the orders originated with Obama.
Do Lakin’s brigade commanders answer to GW Bush? Are they carrying out orders from GW Bush?
Also, just to correct a misunderstanding – I don’t believe that Obama is lawfully president because I don’t believe that any laws or protocols which allow someone who has FAILED TO QUALIFY (to use the words of the 20th Amendment) to become president anyway can be Constitutional.
We know that Obama has FAILED TO QUALIFY because according to Hawaii law the facts of his birth cannot even be LEGALLY determined unless and until his amended birth certificate is presented as evidence before an administrative or judicial person or body – and he has taken great pains to make sure that would never happen.
We know that the 20th Amendment thus disallows him from ever having taken office. Vice-President Cheney should be the acting commander-in-chief until Congress can arrange a way for a qualified president to be elected. That requirement is in our Constitution precisely because the country cannot afford to be without a lawful, Constitutional commander-in-chief. That requirement cannot be negated by any law or protocol, and any law or protocol that doesn’t adhere to the requirements of the Constitution is unconstitutional and should be challenged as such.
If the democrat-led Congress was smart they would take steps to arrange how to choose a qualified president, while they still have the majority. But they’re not smart. They’re corrupt and they are intent on screwing this nation. Already they are trying to gut the House Ethics Committee from any of its power because they know that Rep Issa has said he’s going to seek genuine justice if the republicans take over the House.
The rules change every time the dems get in power, just like they changed when Kennedy didn’t want the Republican governor to be able to appoint a replacement Senator but then they changed back to allow the governor to appoint Kennedy’s replacement because there was a Democratic governor. Different rules for thee than for me.
That is the essence of lawlessness, and it will kill this country if we don’t stand against it.
That’s an aside to this discussion but it’s a summary of everything I’m about regarding this issue. If the Constitution is never enforced then for all practical purposes it doesn’t exist. If the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances is not enforced (but rather blocked by withholding “standing” based on penumbras that judges put up so they could ignore the actual Constitution) then for all practical purposes that right doesn’t exist. If perjury laws are not enforced, they don’t exist. If immigration law isn’t enforced, it doesn’t exist. If Senate rules can be broken at will and nobody can do a dang thing about it, then Senate rules don’t exist.
If the description of what constitutes a lawful order is “irrelevant” then it doesn’t exist, and every military man and woman is entirely at the mercy of whoever takes control of the military.
Are you comfortable with that?
Many thanks for pointing out the Article 88 article and your insight into what I agree is the inanity of the Lakin conduct.
The President’s remarks today seemed to indicate that he’s had enough of the type of behavior Lakin has taken to the extreme. In light of the McChrystal events, do you think it will make an impact on Lakin? Is this the beginning of more rigorous enforcement of Article 88?
The time to challenge a presidential candidate’s eligibility is BEFORE the election and if that fails also before the certification of the votes of the Electoral College and certainly BEFORE the swearing in ceremony. I don’t believe that there is a judge or justice in America who would try to overturn the votes of 69.4 million Americans, the vote of the Electoral College and the Chief Justice’s swearing in ceremony.
Those who believe that Obama is ineligible can go to the polls in November and try to elect enough Republicans and Independents to impeach and remove him. If that fails, there is an election on the first Tuesday of November in 2012. A third option, which worked in the case of Richard Nixon, is to gather enough evidence of high crimes and misdemeanors that it forces a resignation.
Joey, according to the 20th Amendment, the time for a president-elect to QUALIFY is before the inauguration. Obama didn’t do it. According to the 20th Amendment he could not become president.
Until that violation of the Constitution happened, the process hadn’t been violated (except for the perjury that took place).
Are you trying to say that the Constitution can be overturned by the vote of 69.4 million Americans, the vote of the Electoral Colege, and a swearing-in ceremony? I’m no Constitutional scholar, but I thought it could only be overturned by an amendment, which requires far more than any of that.
How many votes have courts overturned because what was voted for was unconstitutional? I don’t buy that argument. The Constitutionality of what was voted on has always had the ability to undo a vote. Why is this any different?
The ACLU is going to ask the courts to overturn the voters of Fremont, Nebraska – a large majority of which voted to require a person to have a license verifying legal residency before they can be hired or rent. Nobody could possibly have “standing” to contest the constitutionality of the vote, according to the standards applied to the Obama eligibility cases – but what do you want to bet that the courts give the ACLU “standing”? And what do you bet that the issue of whether the court can overturn a vote doesn’t even get mentioned, because the courts KNOW that an unconstitutional vote MUST be overturned.
If the court refuses to do what must be done that only proves my point – that we have lost the rule of law in this nation, at the hands of a bunch of government crooks and wimps (and their accomplices in media and law enforcement).
But getting back to the issue at hand – the lawfulness of the orders – does Lakin’s IO have to abide by the description of what constitutes a lawful order – and particularly the 4 listed conditions which would negate an order’s lawfulness (contrary to the Constitution, contrary to the law, given by someone acting beyond their authority, or some other reason)?
If so, how can evidence regarding whether any of those 4 conditions are present be considered “irrelevant” to the issue of whether a lawful order was even given – much less disobeyed?
It would be like saying that it’s irrelevant whether the coat I’m accused of stealing actually belonged to me the whole time. I can’t steal what already belongs to me. Only a banana republic jury would convict somebody by saying it is irrelevant whether a crime was even committed.
Lakin can’t disobey lawful orders if there WERE no lawful orders. The lawfulness of the orders is absolutely relevant – including whether any or all of the 4 disqualifying conditions were actually present in the case.
If Obama’s general order was contrary to the Constitution and there was thus no lawful order for combat operations in Afghanistan, then the brigade commander was acting beyond his authority in ordering Lakin to deploy there. The lawfulness of the order that Lakin received is absolutely dependent on whether a lawful general order was given for the use of force. Like I said before, if the military wants to argue that Lakin’s orders were authorized by BUSH’s general order for the use of force then that’s what they should say – NOT that the Constitutionality of the order is irrelevant.
The Constitution was not “overturned”.
There has been no legal charge filed of a constitutional violation. There has been no trial concerning a constitutional violation and there has certainly been no court opinion or judgement with regard to a constitutional violation. Therefore the alleged “constitutional violation” exists only in your mind and not in fact.
The US Supreme Court has entertained seven Petitions for Writs of Certiorari concerning Obama’s eligibility under Article 2 Section 1 and the Justices have rejected all seven petitions.
There is no “there” there.
butterdezillion (B.D.) makes so many fundamental errors, one hardly knows where to start. But let’s look at a claim that B.D. repeatedly makes — some variation of this: “If there are no lawful orders to go to war in Afghanistan, then a brigade commander would be acting above his authority to send somebody there for combat operations.” Now look at what the charge sheet actually charges LTC Lakin with. You’ll note that none of the charges alleges a failure to deploy to Afghanistan. Rather, every charge and every spec alleges a failure to perform a duty in the continental United States.
The first charge, missing movement, alleges that LTC Lakin missed a flight from BWI to Charlotte, North Carolina. Specs 1 and 2 of the 92 charge allege that he violated an order to report to his brigade commander in Arlington, Virginia. Specs 3 and 4 allege that he violated an order to report to Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
So even if B.D.’s theories had any legal merit (they don’t), they woud still be irrelevant to the charges LTC Lakin actually faces, since none alleges a failure to deploy to Afghanistan. B.D. seems to concede that the Army can lawfully order its soldiers about the United States. The only offenses alleged against LTC Lakin are violating orders to report to various places in the United States. The word “Afghanistan” doesn’t even appear on the charge sheet.
That’s one of the many reasons why LTC Lakin’s case doesn’t present a vehicle to test the birthers’ guano-crazy theories. Unless someone wants to argue that the United States military can’t require any servicemember to do anything (and what judge would spend even a minute considering that argument?), those theories don’t present a potential defense to any of the charges or specifications that have been preferred against LTC Lakin.
Joey, you said you doubted that SCOTUS would overturn an election, Congressional certification, and the oath of office (or something to that effect). I said that none of those things are supposed to be able to undo the Constitution’s requirement. The Constitution does not allow anybody who has ‘failed to qualify” as POTUS before Jan 20th to become president.
It is a FACT that Obama failed to qualify, because the facts of his birth are officially, legally UNKNOWN. His birth certificate has never been presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body – which is the only way the probative value of the BC can be legally determined.
That is FACT. We know this. It is not up for debate; it is right in front of our faces.
SCOTUS can refuse to enforce the Constitution, as Justice Thomas joked about them doing on this issue. They are none of them worthy to hold their positions if they do so, though. The fact of the matter is that the 20th Amendment of the Constitution has been violated. That violation was presided over – twice – by our current Chief Justice of SCOTUS because Nancy Pelosi committed perjury and the HDOH has treated Obama’s legally in-valid BC as if it was valid. Thus hiding from Roberts and the rest of the country the FACT that Obama could NOT “qualify” as President without first presenting the BC to a judicial or administrative person or body.
Dwight Sullivan, do you agree with the IO that the lawfulness of orders is either “irrelevant” or a “political question”?
Do you believe that justice can be served if the points you’ve brought up and the points I’ve brought up, and any other point regarding the lawfulness of the order are not allowed to be presented in the proceeding because they are “irrelevant”? Can a guy be found guilty when it’s never been proven that what he did is actually a crime? When the issue of whether what he did is a crime is NOT EVEN ALLOWED TO BE DISCUSSED?
Is that the kind of “military justice” you think this country is all about?
butterdezillion, you’re quite mistaken in suggesting that the issue of the lawfulness of the orders that LTC Lakin violated isn’t even allowed to be discussed. On the contrary, LTC Driscoll, the IO, invited discussion of that issue. He set a briefing schedule for the express purpose of soliciting LTC Lakin’s defense counsel’s discussion of that question. The defense made a submission which LTC Driscoll read and commented on. There’s been discussion.
There will be still more discussion of the subject at LTC Lakin’s court-martial. Under established military law, the question of the lawfulness of an order is determined by the military judge. The military judge at LTC Lakin’s court-martial will certainly allow LTC Lakin’s defense counsel to present argument as to why the orders weren’t lawful. There will be discussion. What’s the basis for your suggestion that the issue can’t be discussed?
Also, LTC Driscoll didn’t say that the lawfulness of the order is irrelevant or a political question. If you allege otherwise, please point to where he said so. Of course the lawfulness of the orders is relevant. But it’s irrelevant to the lawfulness of the orders whether or not President Obama is constitutionally eligible to serve as President.
Please complete the following sentences:
An order to LTC Lakin to report to his brigade commander in Arlington, Virginia was illegal because _______________________.
An order to LTC Lakin to report to Fort Campbell, Kentucky was illegal because ____________.
LTC Lakin wasn’t required to fly from BWI to Charlotte, North Carolina as ordered because __________________.
The constitutional eligibility of the President has nothing to do with the legality of those orders.
You also assert, “His birth certificate has never been presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body – which is the only way the probative value of the BC can be legally determined.” Can you please point to any case in American history where a presidential candidate who prevailed before the electoral college was required to tender a birth certificate to “a judicial or administrative person or body” before having his eligibility certified?
“An order to LTC Lakin to report to his Brigade commander in Arlington, VA was illegal because” …the chain of command that gave the order is under the influence of the Commander-In-Chief, and the CIC is not qualified to be CIC. Same for the other questions.
With regards to your other attempted “statement” Perhaps all other presidents had a BC as part of their Senate record or Representative Record or Military record or School records. For BO no such document has been presented and therefore the logical presumption is no such document exists. None-The-Less, historical precedence does not remove the “requirement” to qualify. Qualification must come from the person trying to qualify and it has not, unless you have proof otherwise. (That is what I’d really like to see…”PROOF” he is lagite, then this could all end.)
So, ITB, in your view, no one in the entire U.S. military is under any obligation to obey any order? I hope you realize that: (a) there is no legal support for that proposition; and (b) there is no chance that any judge in the country will hold that any member of the military has complete discretion to disobey any orders he or she chooses.
As to the second point, both you and B.D. are making it up as you go along. That refutes B.D.’s claims to offer fact-based observations. Please cite historical precedent to demonstrate that such a requirement has ever been applied before.
“With regards to your other attempted “statement” Perhaps all other presidents had a BC as part of their Senate record or Representative Record or Military record or School records. For BO no such document has been presented and therefore the logical presumption is no such document exists. None-The-Less, historical precedence does not remove the “requirement” to qualify. Qualification must come from the person trying to qualify and it has not, unless you have proof otherwise. (That is what I’d really like to see…”PROOF” he is lagite, then this could all end.)”
President Obama has done better than other Presidents. He posted a copy of his birth certificate on the internet for the entire world to see six months prior to the general election. Plus the Governor of the state of his birth (who is a member of the loyal opposition party) has verified his birth there AND the Registrar of Vital Records, the Director of the Health Department and the Attorney General of Hawaii (all appointees of the Republican Governor) have also verified his place of birth as Honolulu, Hawaii.
“Governor Lingle Answers Birthers…”
http://voices.washingtonpost.com/right-now/2010/05/hawaii_gov_lingle_answers_the.html
For Immediate Release: October 31, 2008 08-93
STATEMENT BY DR. CHIYOME FUKINO
“There have been numerous requests for Sen. Barack Hussein Obama’s official birth certificate. State law (Hawai‘i Revised Statutes §338-18) prohibits the release of a certified birth certificate to persons who do not have a tangible interest in the vital record.
“Therefore, I as Director of Health for the State of Hawai‘i, along with the Registrar of Vital Statistics who has statutory authority to oversee and maintain these type of vital records, have personally seen and verified that the Hawai‘i State Department of Health has Sen. Obama’s original birth certificate on record in accordance with state policies and procedures.
“No state official, including Governor Linda Lingle, has ever instructed that this vital record be handled in a manner different from any other vital record in the possession of the State of Hawai‘i.”
“I, Dr. Chiyome Fukino, director of the Hawaii State Department of Health, have seen the original vital records maintained on file by the Hawaii State Department of Health verifying Barack Hussein Obama was born in Hawaii and is a natural-born American citizen. I have nothing further to add to this statement or my original statement issued in October 2008 over eight months ago.”—July 27, 2009
Furthermore, a state Court of Appeals has declared that he qualifies as a Natural Born Citizen and seven different challenges to his eligibility have been rejected at the US Supreme Court.
“Based upon the language of Article II, Section 1, Clause 4 and the guidance provided by [the Supreme Court of the United States in their 1898 decision in the case of U.S. v.] Wong Kim Ark, we conclude that persons born within the borders of the United States are “natural born Citizens” for Article II, Section 1 purposes, regardless of the citizenship of their parents. Just as a person “born within the British dominions [was] a natural-born British subject” at the time of the framing of the U.S. Constitution, so too were those “born in the allegiance of the United States natural-born citizens.”—Indiana Court of Appeals, “Ankeny et. al. v The Governor of Indiana, Mitch Daniels,” Nov. 12, 2009
Dwight, I would have to look further into what you’re saying to do justice to the questions you’re asking. It’s a crazy week but I will do my best to understand and give you a worthy answer. My initial thought is that if those were the minute orders used to implement the bigger order (deployment to Afghanistan) the order that they seek to implement would factor in. Because, for instance, being told to get on a plane to Afghanistan would be within the brigade commander’s authority. The brigade commander could possibly also order him to be a doctor in Afghanistan and still be within his authority, just like sending somebody to Germany could be within the authority because we have a base in Germany. I don’t know the specifics of all that right now. But every larger order eventually breaks down into the smaller orders, and even though the small orders may be lawful standing alone, they are unlawful when taken together because though the step is legal, the mile isn’t.
But as I said, I will think on it, look into it, and get back to you.
Let me just ask you this, though. What difference does it make whether we have a Constitutional CIC? Why is it even required? As far as I can see, the president makes absolutely no difference to anything, because the details always fall to the little guys anyway.
Joey, unless the court actually saw Obama’s amended BC which was presented to them as evidence, then according to Hawaii law nothing that has been done makes any difference.
The question you should be asking yourself is in the terms of the 20th Amendment: What other president has failed to qualify by the inauguration date? Yet even if they had all failed to qualify it wouldn’t excuse this one’s failure to qualify. That’s why McCain (for instance) never said, “Well, nobody else had to show their birth certificate!” The Constitution doesn’t say that a person can get out of the requirements by pointing their fingers at somebody else or by following any process. No person can be the president EXCEPT a natural born US citizen. Period. There’s no weasel or waffle room given.
Furthermore, Obama should not have been able to even get a paycheck as a US Senator without showing a legally-valid BC (which he doesn’t even have, except probably from Kenya). But Washington DC doesn’t ever follow the same laws as everybody else is supposed to follow. AND THAT IS THE PRECISELY THE PROBLEM I’M TALKING ABOUT. Is that fine to you? Is it fine that both Hawaii and federal laws have been broken, and that nobody in government, media, or law enforcement is willing to do anything about it?
Also – how does it make you feel to know that Quantico and Centcom are showing up on the hacker list for The Post & Email? Why do you think they’re trying to hack that little peon site? What does this say to you about the lawfulness, integrity, and apolitical nature of the US military?
Dwight, I’ve looked at the preferred charges against Lakin, which you linked to, and the actual orders Lakin was given, found at http://www.safeguardourconstitution.com/images/stories/documents/apf01-lakinorders12mar2010.pdf . The thing that stood out immediately in the charges against him was the context provided – that the movement he was to make was in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. When I looked at the orders, the orders were for his service in support of OEF, after which time he was to report back to his permanent assignment. The report date was simply the beginning of that service. So the orders to move were never given independent of his assignment to support OEF – with the additional forces to be deployed authorized by Barack Obama.
So it was never just a deal where he was told to report. He was told to support OEF, beginning by reporting to KY.
Legally, context is absolutely vital. I’m going to give an example that I believe illustrates the different arguments in Lakin’s case.
Let’s say that Dr Jones gives orders to Nurse Nancy to inject a combination of Medicine A and Medicine B to Mr Body. Dr Jones is authorized to dispense both medicines. Is Dr Jones’ order lawful?
Well….. let’s look at some different contexts:
A. The medicines are given to relieve pain, with Mr Body’s consent.
B. The medicines are given to kill Mr Body because he knows Dr Jones is cheating on his wife. Mr. Body signed a general consent for treatment upon entering the clinic.
C. The medicines are given to execute Mr. Body through a court-ordered lethal injection.
D. The medicines are given to assist suicide in Oregon, with the consent of Mr. Body.
E. The medicines are given to exterminate Mr. Body, a “sub-human” Jew, under orders from Der Fuhrer.
F. The medicines are given to involuntarily sterilize Mr. Body in China, as ordered by government officials.
Dr. Jones can legally order the dispensing of those medicines. But depending on WHY he orders them, his orders can also be unlawful. If he orders them in order to accomplish an unlawful purpose then the orders are unlawful. Though not unlawful in and of themselves, the CONTEXT makes them unlawful.
Now suppose it’s scenario D – assisted suicide. The consent is legally required and can only be signed in the presence of a judge. Nurse Nancy knows Mr. Body has never even seen a judge. Dr Jones shows a consent sheet given to him by Mr. Body’s wife (with whom he is cheating), who will get $5 million in death benefits when Mr. Body dies. The sheet shows signs of forgery.
Nurse Nancy refuses to follow the order because she knows that legal consent can’t possibly have happened and that Dr Jones’ orders are therefore unlawful. In court she requests to see the record of the patient’s appearance before a judge and the judge’s copy of the legally-signed consent form in order to show that the consent Mrs. Body provided was forged, the proper legal procedures were never followed, and Dr Jones was therefore never authorized to order those medicines for the purpose of killing a non-consenting patient.
The judge says she can argue whatever she wants but isn’t allowed to get any documents in discovery because the issue of whether there was a lawful consent for that particular context is irrelevant because the doctor has a license to use those medicines and it’s not the nurse’s place to question the purpose of his orders.
Whose side would you support? Did the nurse receive a lawful order? Does it matter whether the doctor had ever received the legally-required consent to give orders for that purpose? Does the context truly not matter?
Fill in the blanks….
The doctor’s order to dispense Medication A is unlawful because……
The doctor’s order to dispense Medication B is unlawful because…..
B.D., I’m assuming that both the doc and the nurse are in the military; otherwise a hypo about obligation to follow orders doesn’t make sense.
If the nurse knows that the combination of drugs will kill the patient, then military law provides a clear answer: the nurse may not administer the drugs and would be acting unlawfully is she did. Under Rule for Courts-Martial 916(d), obedience to orders doesn’t provide a defense if the individual knew the order was unlawful or if a reasonable person would know the order to be unlawful. If the nurse knew that that combination of drugs would kill the patient, then a reasonable person would know that order was illegal. Accordingly, administering those drugs would be some form of homicide and no obedience to lawful orders defense would be available.
That hypo, however, doesn’t translate into the LTC Lakin scenario for a number of reasons, but here’s the most basic one: homicide is illegal; driving from Walter Reed to Arlington, taking a plane from BWI to Charlotte, and reporting to Fort Campbell are all legal activities. The nurse can’t administer those drugs to the patient knowing that they will kill the patient because that would be homicide. LTC Lakin can’t drive from Walter Reed to Arlington, Virginia as ordered because . . .? There is no because. He could have. And doing so would have been legal even if his darkest, guano-craziest fears about President Obama were true (which they aren’t). Flying from BWI to Charlotte would have been legal regardless of the constitutional eligibility of the President. And reporting to Fort Campbell, Kentucky would have been legal regardless of the constitutional eligibility of the President. The constitutional eligibility of the President has no bearing on the charges that have been preferred against LTC Lakin. When invited to do so, LTC Lakin’s civilian defense counsel couldn’t present an argument as to why it would be relevant. (BTW, I’ve asked safeguardourconstitution.org to post Mr. Jensen’s filing with the IO regarding that issue; last I checked, it hadn’t been posted. Under birther “logic,” doesn’t that mean they’re hiding something?) And since the constitutional eligibility of the President is irrelevant to those charges, discovery to obtain information to support such a non-defense will be unavailable.
Sorry, make that “safeguardourconstitution.com.”
In a related lawsuit, the US Court of Appeals for the Third District has issued a precedential ruling in Commander Charles Kerchner (USN Ret) et. al. v Obama. The Court said, in part: “Appellants challenge the District Court’s order DISMISSING their complaint. We will AFFIRM the order of dismissal and direct Appellants’ counsel to SHOW CAUSE why JUST DAMAGES and COSTS should not be IMPOSED ON HIM for having filed a FRIVOLOUS appeal.
You would think that LTC Lakin would get to have an inkling, if not an understanding, of just how frivolous his claims are. And to what extent he is being used.
– should have made it a political election law fight as Taitz has discovered in CA-SOS contest (500, 000 votes)– no USCA3C or district judge could have slammed Kerchner’s lawyer with OSC damages for standing as a candidate for public office related to assuring nbc eligibility.
It’s a pretty good sign that your legal theories have no merit when you’re strategizing about how to avoid being sanctioned for frivolous filings rather than how to actually win.
“It’s a pretty good sign that your legal theories have no merit when you’re strategizing about how to avoid being sanctioned for frivolous filings rather than how to actually win.”
Ain’t THAT the truth!
There have now been 71 decisions in Obama eligibility lawsuits. No plaintiff has prevailed in any of them.
Dwight, I think you’re missing my point. Giving the medications in combination would be illegal (provided that it’s not legal assisted suicide or the other scenarios I mentioned). Sounds to me like you’re saying that if the combination of smaller actions is known to equal an illegal action, then the smaller actions – though legal in and of themselves – are illegal because of the combined factors.
That is my point.
You say all that matters is whether hopping on a plane to KY is illegal. But Lakin never received orders to hop on a plane to KY. He was told to serve a one-year (?) stint in Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom, starting by reporting to KY. The order to show up in KY was never separate from the order to serve in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Show me where he ever received an order to simply appear in KY – absent the other ingredient in the combination: the order to support OEF.
YOu seem to be saying that since the nurse was told to dispense Medicine A and that is legal, then it doesn’t matter if she was AT THE SAME TIME ordered to dispense Medicine B. But the fact of the matter is that Lakin was never given order #1 (report in KY) without also being given order #2 (support OEF). How then can you say that Order #2 has no bearing on the lawfulness of Order #1? The two orders came as one unit; they were never separate orders. The first step in carrying out #2 was by doing #1. They were not independent orders.
So basically, going back to your answer regarding the nurse, you seem to be saying that Dispensing Medicine #1 is unlawful because when combined with Medicine #2 the result would be homicide, which is a crime. But I was applying to you the same standard that you gave me. You wanted me to say what was unlawful about flying to KY in and of itself.
So I’m asking you: “IN AND OF ITSELF (which means you can’t consider any other combination of factors to provide context, just like you and the IO won’t allow me or Lakin to combine the one action with any other context which would make the order unlawful), why would dispensing Medicine #1 be unlawful?
See, what I’m objecting to here is the IO’s order that context is irrelevant. OK, if that’s the standard, then practice what you preach. Tell me what is wrong with Dispensing Medicine #1 if you can’t also consider the OTHER part of the order: dispensing Medicine #2. You said that if the nurse knows the order – in context – would result in an unlawful action, then she has a duty to refuse the order. So which is it? Does she – and thus also any IO looking at the lawfulness of the orders – have a duty to consider context and the net result of the COMBINATION of orders, or is context irrelevant?
Dispensing medicine #1 would not kill anyone. It’s only when medicine #2 is ALSO dispensed that the action becomes unlawful. If every order stands alone, without context, then what would be unlawful about Dispensing medicine #1? What would be unlawful about dispensing medicine #2? Since neither action is unlawful, and context can’t even be considered (using the standard you’re applying to Lakin), there is no way that the nurse could legally do anything except kill Mr Body by obeying 2 legal but lethal orders.
Joey, every judge has ruled that it’s nobody’s damn business if we have an illegal president. Do you actually agree with that? Do you actually think that any military officer who has taken an oath to defend the US Constitution from domestic as well as foreign enemies could actually agree with that assessment without both breaking their oath and committing treason?
You seem to be arguing that if a judge says it, it’s right. The same judge who wanted to slap punitive fines for “frivolous lawsuits” also refused to give Gerald Walpin any semblance of justice after Walpin was illegally fired as inspector general.
According to your logic, since a judge ruled on it, it must be right. It must be absolutely true that Walpin doesn’t deserve due process even though it is absolutely known that Obama illegally fired him.
I hate to say it, Joey, but using that logic, King George HAD to be right no matter what he did. But the Founding Fathers didn’t buy that crap; they knew that power doesn’t make somebody right. If anything power is more likely to make them WRONG. That’s why they set up the separation of powers, the checks and balances, and a Constitution that is difficult to amend – because they knew that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
You can’t keep arguing that the authorities are necessarily always right (in logic this is called an argument from authority), unless you want to totally oppose everything the Declaration of Independence – the signing of which we just celebrated – was about.
BD.
You have morphed the question from LTC Lakin’s refusal to follow orders because he does not believe the president is lawfully president. He has never said that the orders to deployment and the combat in Afghanistan is illegal, yet that is what you are now arguing as to why the orders are unlawful.
And again, if the president is not lawfully president then every order he’s given is unlawful, including the orders to pay LTC Lakin his pay and allowances, something LTC Lakin hasn’t quibbled with.
To pick and choose based on the orders to deploy to Afghanistan being illegal places LTC Lakin full and square in the refusniks, those who have deserted and gone to Canada, those who have refused to deploy — Watada for example. Thus, under those terms it would be a refusal based on the war is unjust, and political and personal conscience reason.
LTC Lakin, I don’t think, has said the war is unlawful and that he’d refuse to deploy even if ordered to by a president he believed lawfully sitting as president.
So, changing the question and LTC Lakin’s own statements doesn’t get a win in his case.
Also Dwight, IIRC, the IO said they had to present scholarly studies on the subject. That seems to be saying that they can’t present any original arguments – only what’s already been said.
I was visiting my dad, a Korea vet, the last 2 days. He’s had several strokes and has Parkinson’s. We were talking about lawlessness. He remembered the day that Hitler invaded Poland. His teacher told the whole school how thankful they should be that no matter how crazy (or uncrazy) our president might be, he could never invade another country without the Senate first deciding by 2/3 majority to issue a Declaration of War. Our Constitution says so. Bitter irony that my dad ended up in the front lines in Korea.
I agree that we needed to be in Iraq. I’ve read some of the evidence we’ve got now, tying Saddam to worldwide terrorism, including (probably) the 9-11 attack. But I will say to my dying day that any soldier who contested the Constitutionality of that war – which was never authorized by a Declaration of War as required by the Constitution – deserved to have the SCOTUS at least tell him why we don’t have to obey the Constitution any more. We didn’t follow the Constitution to be in Korea, Viet Nam, or any of the places we’ve engaged in combat operations since WWII. It’s almost like after WWII the nation decided that we could do what Hitler did if we darn well please. We learned NOTHING from WWII.
I think that move was probably to protect the country from the communists already elected to office who don’t have the will to protect this nation. Rather than allow the anti-American crooks in office to betray the country to its death the powers-that-be decided to just ignore our Constitution. That way we could keep electing corrupt traitors without that being suicidal for the country. But whenever you descend into lawlessness it’s just another form of suicide. We have lulled ourselves into thinking that we can have treasonous America-haters in office without it causing the demise of the country. We’re morons if we believe that. We’re already the Banana Republic we say we despise, if we believe that.
Why is everybody in the military so deathly afraid of forcing the courts to rule on the Constitutionality of what the CIC and Congress are doing? What is so wrong with asking the question? If all is well, the courts can give their reasons for saying all is well. What harm is done by simply making sure? My Mom said if you’re sewing an important dress you measure twice before you cut anything. Conventional wisdom says that when you’re dealing with something critical, “better safe than sorry”. When did we lose that common sense? When did double-checking to be sure become a cardinal sin rather than what our Founding Fathers knew to be an essential check on unbridled power?
Sometimes timing is critical, I realize. But if we can’t trust our Congressmen or our SCOTUS justices to recognize when time is critical, then we’ve already said that the system is so hopelessly broken that the nation is in peril. If the nation is imperiled by the stupid crooks we elect (and the stupid traitors they nominate and confirm to SCOTUS), then the people need to be made aware of how dangerous these people are when placed in positions of critical responsibility. That’s the only way we’re going to stop electing traitors to office.
Whether we like it or not, this nation is never more than one generation away from extinction. If we EVER let the voters forget that, we have effectively killed this nation we all say we love so dearly. I hate to say it, but my 4th of July was very, very sober this year because I’m afraid we’ve already done that in precisely that way. People are waking up, but until they realize that lawlessness kills, we don’t even know the boa that’s squeezing the life out of us. By the time we’ve awakened to the need to fight, our hands may already be tied beyond recovery.
STANDING — join the newly refreshed 1776 american revolution — each state has different election law statutes — asap formally announce that you are a write-in candidate for say congress in any district (or even in any state) you desire to have a write-in campaign as a legal-political statement to both the state and federal courts regarding political office eligibility and especially POTUS/CINC natural born citizen eligibility. We can not expect rank-and-file senior officers (O-5 and O-6′s) to carry the entire constitutional load with their particularized military-civilian standing — as different from commissioned junior officers and all enlisted — Kerchner & Co. should file an application/motion at USCA3C and/or SCOTUS to remove the Kerchner case jurisdiction of the military standing question to USDC-DC — the quo warranto court.
Viking, it is the particular combination of orders given which is unlawful. I don’t know what Lakin is arguing. I’m not parroting anything I’ve heard. I’m coming into this fresh and looking at what is in the UCMJ.
If the presidential orders are against the Constitution (for whatever reason), then they are unlawful. That makes the orders given by commanders implementing the higher orders unlawful in 2 potential ways: the absence of the required authorization from a valid CIC means that the lower commanders act beyond their authority when issuing orders that can only be issued by a CIC/president. Or the orders they give are unlawful because the RESULT of them would be beyond the authority of the lower commander.
In the illustration I used, for instance, a judge could order lethal injection via the combination of Medicine A and Medicine B. But without a valid judge’s order, Dr Jones could not give a lawful order to combine those medicines. And if Nurse Nancy knew that the judge did not lawfully hold the office, she would be required to refuse to follow the orders because that combination of medicines would result in homicide.
Ignoring the Constitutional issue of there being no Declaration of War, if no valid CIC has authorized the continued use of force in Afghanistan, then continued use of force in Afghanistan is not lawful and each specific command which combines to make the continued use of force in Afghanistan is a combination – like the lethal medicine combination – which creates an unlawful result. It would not be unlawful to pay the soldiers, because the CIC isn’t in charge of deciding whether soldiers get paid. Lower authorities do that and their doing so doesn’t violate the Constitution or law. It would not be unlawful for the brigade commander to sent Lakin to any specific place in the US or to Afghanistan for purposes that the brigade commander is authorized to order. The movement orders Lakin disobeyed were orders specifically attached to Operation Enduring Freedom – NOT orders issued independently. The order was tied to OEF so the lawfulness of the orders is also tied to OEF.
The argument the DOD is relying on is that it makes no difference whether a valid judge ordered the lethal injection because the doctor, acting on his own authority, can prescribe Medicine A and can prescribe Medicine B. The argument is that context (the fact that the combination is lethal and is unlawful if not ordered by a valid legal authority) doesn’t matter – which is laughable on its face when you look at ALL the legal precedents available. Context ALWAYS matters.
It’s actually absurd that the IO would ask for scholarly discussion on why context matters. That’s a GIVEN in law. The burden would be up to the IO making this claim, to show that context DOESN’T matter in this case, when it matters in every other case. The IO has to argue AGAINST ALL LEGAL PRECEDENTS in order to say that context doesn’t impact the lawfulness of the order.
B.D. –
Serious question — where do you get your “information.” Evidence tying Sadddam to the 9-11 attack. What would that be?
You ask what the military is afraid of. One thing I’m afraid of is that if military members had the widespread view that there’s legal support for what LTC Lakin is doing (which there isn’t), then any member of the military would believe that he or she can disovey any order with impunity. At that point, the U.S. military would cease to exist as a disciplined, effective fighting force.
The military doesn’t pick our leaders. What LTC Lakin is trying to do is about the worst possible means of testing the constitutional legitimacy of a President. It isn’t up to the military to decide whether the President is constitutionally eligible. I’m sure that the vast majority of the members of the military would not want the U.S. military to descend into anarchy. That’s why LTC Lakin’s and Paul Jensen’s arguments are so insidious. Fortunately, they’re flagrantly meritless. They’ll be quickly rejected and their particular threat to good order and discipline will be extinguished. Serious question, B.D., do you think that a recruit at Parris Island is legally entitled to tell a D.I. that he declines to drop and give him 20 because the recruit has questions about whether the President is constitutionally eligible to serve? If not, do you believe that a fire team of Marines fighting in Marjaj today can all drop their weapons, walk to Afghanistan and fly home? According to your rationale, I think you’d have to answer that question affirmatively. Will you at least concede that giving every U.S. servicemember in Afghanistan such discretion presents an enormous threat to the physical satefy of EVERY U.S. servicemember in Afghanistan and that members of the U.S. military would rationally fear such a breakdown in command and control?\
Youwrite, “every judge has ruled that it’s nobody’s damn business if we have an illegal president.” Please point to one judge who said that. Most of the opinions I’ve read have indicated that whether the President is constitutionally eligible is a political question. That means it’s up to Congress to decide, not the courts. Of course, Congress represents the vast majority of Americans. (Not those in the District of Columbia, of course. And not those who live in other areas that aren’t states, but the vast majority of Americans.) So it’s everybody’s business working through their elected representatives. That’s what is guaranteed by the Constitution — a republican form of government.
You write that LTC Lakin wasn’t ordered to hop on a plane to Kentucky. If he wasn’t ordered to report to Kentucky, then he’ll be acquitted of two of the specifications against him. Spec 3 of Charge II alleges that he received an order from Colonel Peter McHugh requiring LTC Lakin “to report to Fort Campbell, Kentucky no later than 1500 hours on 12 April 2010.” Spec 4 alleges that LTC Lakin was “derelict in the performance of [his] duites in that he willfully failed to report to Fort Campbell, Kentucky in accordance with Temporary Change of Station orders 099-17, dated 9 April 2010.” So he’s charged with failing to report to Fort Campbell. If you’re right that he was never ordered to do so, he certainly won’t be found guilty. But I’m betting he wouldn’t have been charged with that unless the government had evidence that he was, in fact, ordered to report to Fort Campbell NLT 1500 on 12 April.
Now, going back to your nurse hypo. First, we’re assuming this is a military setting, so there’s no issued of assisted suicide — which would be illegal. If the nurse knew that the doctor was attempting to kill the patient, it would be illegal to administer Drug 1 because that would be an act that aids and abets the homicide of the patient. Assuming that knowledge, it would certainly be illegal. See Article 77, Uniform Code of Military Justice.
But again, that analogy proves nothing. Because not only is hopping on a plane from BWI to Charlotte not illegal, and not only is reporting to Fort Campbell, Kentucky not illegal, but deploying from Fort Campbell to Afghanistan also isn’t illegal. And as Phil Cave pointed out above, oddly, not even LTC Lakin or Mr. Jensen has argued that it would be illegal for LTC Lakin to fly to Afghanistan.
So, again, President Obama’s constitutional eligibility doesn’t serve as a legal defense to any charge LTC Lakin faces, even if one were to go beyond the charges alleged and wonder whether his constitutional eligibility would be relevant if LTC Lakin had been charged with disobeying an order to fly to Afghanistan, which he wasn’t.
Also, just addressing the argument that the Michael New case establishes a precedent where context doesn’t matter – the reason for saying the issue was “political” was because the military is authorized to order certain uniforms. The US military could decide to wear swastikas on their uniforms and it would be lawful – unless a court ruled that it was against the Constitution even if not against the law. I think there are serious issues if the military decides to label themselves as UN. It’s an issue of truthful labeling: if you’re not a UN force, then you shouldn’t be labeling yourself as such.
But the decision WAS based on context – the context that the uniform is lawfully dictated by the military and that the insignia was just a decoration on a uniform, not any kind of transfer of UN authority over the US soldiers. I don’t know if Spec Ops people use false labeling in order to achieve their ends, and that could be one reason why a court wouldn’t want to dictate truth-in-labeling for military uniforms across the board. But for regular combat troops, I get an uneasy feeling if we label ourselves as something we’re not.
Again, though, my point is that the context DID matter.
B.D.,
Even if the IO wanted to go beyond what LTC Lakin was actually charged with to consider whether LTC Lakin could also be charged with disobeying an order to deploy to Afghanistan, and even if he decided that for some reason the Presdient’s constitutional eligibility was relevant to the question of whether someone other than the President could order LTC Lakin to deploy to Afghanistan, he would have been required under Supreme Court precedent to conclude that under the de facto officer doctrine, the Commander in Chief’s orders must be given legal effect. As the Supreme Court has repeatedly reiterated, “The de facto officer doctrine, we have explained, ‘confers validity upon acts performed by a person acting under the color of official title even though it is later discovered that the legality of that person’s appointment or election to office is deficient.’ Ryder v. United States, 515 U.S. 177, 180 (1995). ” Nguyen v. United States, 539 U.S. 69, 77 (2003). So even if a hypothetical President were, for some reason, constitutionally ineligible to serve, an order issued by that President would not be subject to retroactive nullification if the President were thereafter removed from office.
In the law, we don’t make it up as we go along. We apply precedent to the case before us. Nguyen and Ryder are precedent that would be applied if a servicemember were to actually be charged wtih violating an order issued directly by the Commander in Chief.
All of this suggests why Mr. Jensen was apparently unable to make a cogent argument to the IO as to why he was entitled to discovery concerning President Obama’s constitutional eligibility. And he will be no more able to make such a cogent argument at the trial or on appeal. Because there isn’t one.
1. We don’t know what LTC Lakin is arguing because unlike many of the other documents, LTC Lakin has declined or is disinclined to publicly release the letter he did submit to the IO. I’ve asked safeguardourconstitution if they can get a copy and post it as they seem to have access, and you know Dwight has asked. However, his public pronouncements tell us that he believes he is authorized to disobey the orders on the charge sheet because they are issued by the president in person or by implication and they are not lawful because the president is not lawfully president. Fine. Assume arguendo that I agree, and that I advise my client he can disobey the orders because he has a valid affirmative defense. I also have to tell him that in order to make the defense work it’s an all or nothing? In other words he has to be consistent and refuse all orders he can’t pick and choose. Otherwise the client comes across as inconsistent, a refusenik in disguise, and guano-loco. The client comes across as being willing to pick and choose rules to follow that suit him.
2. It’s not absurd that the IO would ask for a scholarly discussion. That’s his job in this context. In court should the case go to trial the document the judge will require will ask for the same information in a particular format set out in the Army court rules. It is called a Motion to Dismiss or something similar, a title chosen in a sense by the defense. Judges get, but do not like, blather, bold assertions, and incomplete motions. That’s bad lawyering on the counsel’s side. (Read some of the cases submitted by certain other lawyers.)
3. I believe the Supreme Court was wrong in Bush v. Gore. I believe we were wrong to invade Iraq. Under LTC Lakin’s theory, and assuming I were still on active duty, I could refuse orders to deploy to Iraq? Yes. That’s his theory. And like Bush v. Gore the issue has been decided against me — by the Supremes in one case and the Electoral Supreme Court (Congress) in the other. Also, the prosecution can use as evidence against me all of the orders I did follow from the moment President Bush was sworn into office. See I’m a trial lawyer at heart. I love discussing the law and Dwight and I and others have had many wonderful discussions and arguments on the law. But a trial is not completely about the law. A trial is also about perception management and facts. LTC Lakin has got really really bad facts. That’s fine. I’ve had any number of clients tell me that they know the odds, but they want to fight anyway, and we do, and sometimes we win. I think also LTC Lakin’s good military character may end up being evidence in aggravation against him if he goes to trial. This isn’t Private Snuffy with a 6th grade education who managed to get a GED, doesn’t read the papers, doesn’t read, etc. LTC Lakin is a bright guy. Thus his actions are not some immature, uninformed, etc., mistake of a young ill informed person. These are cool, calm, thought about, thought through, in-your-face, poke-them-in-the-eye, behaviors. Ah, you say, it’s his honor and intergrity. OK, “Members of the court, LTC Lakin asks for mercy because his actions are well-meaning, well-intentioned, and he truly believes he is right. In saying that to you he has failed to express remorse for his conduct and you may consider that in deciding whether or not he has rehabilitative potential. LTC Lakin puts his record, a good record, in front of you and falls on it asking for mercy. But, members of the court, . . . .
B.D. — another serious question (or, as it turns out, series of questions). Do you believe that if one servicemember (let’s just say, the Chief of Staff of the Army), orders a subordinate servicemember to report for duty in Afghanistan today, he is committing a criminal offense. In other words, is it actually ILLEGAL for any member of the military to take an action to facilitate another deploying to Afghanistan? If so, is the pilot of any transport plane that flies troops to Iraq committing an illegal act? If they are, what is the crime? Is the Captain of any Naval vessel that sails into proximity with Afghanistan for the purpose of supporting operations there committing a crime? How about crew members? Must an officer of the day legally disobey all orders to move the ship into a position where it can support combat operations in Afghanistan? What if it’s a hospital ship? Are the Captain and crew committing a crime if they sail to an area where they can treat U.S. servicemembers wounded in Afghanistan? If so, what is the crime? If not, what if the President personally ordered the CNO to have the ship sail there? Would it be a crime to comply with that order? If so, what crime?
And if you agree that those servicemembers wouldn’t be committing any crime in those scenarios, do you concede that your lethal medicationhypo breaks down because in that situation, the individual giving the order is committing a crime by giving the order?
Dwight, I’ll try to get to all you asked.
We’ve got records that we captured showing Uday Hussein recruiting suicide jihadists shortly before the Iraqi leader in Prague (Al Ani? It’s been so long since I read up on this) was found casing Radio Free Europe for a potential attack. And we’ve got the report from Saddam’s agents saying (immediately after the officials in Prague had questioned their informant, finding him credible, but before some corrupt CIA source leaked it to the press) that the US had proof that Iraq had been responsible and that Saddam should prepare for war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Translation: Hey, Saddam, they know we did it, so prepare for a fight.
I can’t remember the actual link but jveritas did a bunch of the translation of those documents we recovered. I’m sure Google could find the links.
If the military took the concerns of its soldiers seriously and asked SCOTUS to clarify, how would that destroy discipline? Lt Col Lakin went through all the channels he had. If any leader in the military had taken him seriously and actually found out whether Obama could be a Constitutional CIC there would have been no need for all this crap. Why such resistance to using the legal and REQUIRED means to be sure of the lawfulness of orders? What is the harm in checking? The military, by refusing to ask SCOTUS to rule on this, is setting up the soldiers for a massive game of “chicken”.
I don’t know about you, but that feels about as respectful as a CIC deciding whether to send our troops into a battle zone while he’s receiving a blowjob in the Oval Office. If I was in the military I would be livid that my conscience and the oath to defend the Constitution is taken so lightly by the leadership. Stop screwing around with the troops. They need an answer. They deserve an answer. It is well within their rights to GET an answer. There is a proper procedure to get that answer, which can be employed once to apply to everybody who has that question. So stop screwing with them.
That’s all I’m asking of the military leadership, and I think it’s a principle of good leadership that if you will do everything you can to serve your workers you will get 100 times as much back from them in terms of loyalty. I think General Petraeus is a walking example of that. He is respected because he listens and does what his troops and the mission itself need.
I never said Lakin wasn’t ordered to make those movements. I said he was never ordered to move INDEPENDENTLY of the order to support OEF. And I asked you to show me an order he received and disobeyed which was not directly tied to OEF.
As long as the order is tied to OEF, then the lawfulness of the order is tied to the lawfulness of Obama’s order regarding OEF.
As long as the lethal injection is tied to a judge’s order, the lawfulness of the injection orders is tied to the legitimacy of the judge. If he’s not able to lawfully make that order then the lethal injection itself is unlawful – regardless of how many smaller steps (which by themselves would be legal – but are never given by themselves) are ordered to get the end result done. Those steps are unlawful because the end result being ordered is not lawful.
The whole denial of standing is a glorified way of saying, “It’s none of your damn business.” So yes – every judge has told us to mind our own business, that the Constitutionality of the president is none of our business. Do you honestly believe that it’s none of our business? Who has “standing” to demand that we have a Constitutional president? If nobody has standing, then it’s nobody’s business. We’re supposed to be quiet little sheeple even if the country is being devoured by ravenous wolves – because, after all, I’m not being devoured any more than everybody else is….
I’ve canned enough food to know that if you don’t provide a legitimate and safe “out” for pent-up steam you are GUARANTEEING that there will be an explosion. The courts have taken away every legitimate means for the people to defend their Constitution and country from domestic enemies (including ignorant voters who don’t care about the Constitution or rule of law). And every day that passes Obama turns up the heat – taking the banks, taking the auto industry, taking the inspectors general, taking healthcare, taking the internet, taking the energy industry, taking away our border…..
Every military leader in this country should be watching this and realizing that you can only subvert the rule of law against the will of the people for so long before the shit hits the fan. They’ve been playing chicken with the troops and they’ve been playing chicken with every last person who knows enough to see that the Constitution is being shredded before our very eyes. If we have no way to compel government to respect the people besides sheer physical force, then they have chosen to make sheer physical force the language we have to speak. Nobody wants that. So why are they taking away our ability to use any other language to make them listen?
It seems like the military is deathly afraid of the steam release valve by which questioning soldiers can get legitimate answers. That is short-sighted at best. There’s far more to fear from soldiers who are put in a pressure cooker with no legitimate release than to fear from soldiers who ask questions and get answers. BP could have saved a LOT if they had taken the need for an explosion preventer seriously. This nation and this military are no different.
Dwight, I don’t know how the de facto officer doctrine plays into this. Even unlawful orders are supposed to be obeyed as long as what they order is not criminal on its face. At least, that’s how it’s been explained to me. Please correct me if I misunderstand.
So it could be that the example orders you gave could be obeyed and no crime committed.
But if the military wanted to accuse somebody of disobeying LAWFUL orders when they disobeyed any of those orders, they would have to show that the order was indeed lawful – and that would involve checking whether the 4 circumtances that disqualify an order from being lawful were present.
Lethal injection is not a crime in and of itself. It is only a crime when not properly authorized. I don’t know if there’s a de facto officer policy regarding judges. That’s why initially I used the assisted suicide case, where the issue is whether proper consent was documented – and what duty the nurse has if she knows that the legally-required proper consent could never have been given.
That, right there, is as close to an exact equivalent of the Obama-Lakin situation as anybody can find. We know that Obama’s birth facts have never been legally determined. That can only be done by a judge when the BC is presented as evidence and no judge will look at the BC. WE know that Nancy Pelosi perjured herself. The nurse who KNOWS the legal requirement has never been met has an obligation to disobey the orders. And that is precisely Lakin’s position. He KNOWS the facts of Obama’s birth have never been legally determined. We also know that the Hawaii DOH has admitted that the Factcheck COLB is a forgery. A nurse who knewno legal consent had been given and that a forged consent had been presented instead would be negligent in not checking it out. And that’s pretty much where the military is right now.
But then we dropped the assisted suicide scenario because it doesn’t fit the military meme.
One other question for you. If the military knew that Obama is not a valid CIC what responsibility would they have to insure that they get a valid CIC? Anybody in the military who has looked at the communications from the HDOH knows that Pelosi’s certification is perjury, that the Factcheck COLB is a forgery, that the facts of Obama’s birth have never been legally determined, and thus every ballot in this nation violated state laws, and the Constitutional requirement for a natural born US citizen as president/CIC has never been legally determined to be met. They know that – at best – the lawfulness of every order by Obama is unverified, and that Obama is pushing to keep it that way even to the point of presenting a forged COLB. At what point does the military become negligent if they fail to insist on having a Constitutional CIC?
B.D. — you continue to make statements with no factual support. You write: “If the military took the concerns of its soldiers seriously and asked SCOTUS to clarify, how would that destroy discipline? . . . Why such resistance to using the legal and REQUIRED means to be sure of the lawfulness of orders?” Required by WHAT? Not only isn’t required for the military to ask the Supreme Court to clarify anything about the CINC’s eligibility, it’s an impossibility. There is no constitutional or statutory mechanism for the military to ask the Supreme Court for such clarification. Nor may the Supreme Court constitutionally provide such an advisory opinion. See U.S. Const. Art. II, Sec. 2. Please point to ANY source of law or precedent that would permit the military to ask for or the Supreme Court to render clarification concerning the President’s constitutional eligibility.
You now write, “I never said Lakin wasn’t ordered to make those movements.” Actually, you did. Please allow me to quote from one of your earlier posts: “But Lakin never received orders to hop on a plane to KY.”
You continue to confuse process with substance. You say that courts that decline to review President Obama’s constitutional eligibility are saying it’s none of our business. No — they have said thagt CONGRESS can remove an ineligible President. So they aren’t saying that the question is none of our business. Quite the contrary. They are saying that if we want to ask the question, we have to follow a different PROCEDURE. If I filed an action in U.S. District Court today challenging the constitutionality of some act under the Maryland government that affects me personally as a violation ocf the Maryland Declaration of Rights, the federal court would dismiss it. That’s not because the court would think it’s none of MY business, but rather that it’s none of THE COURT’S business. Such a claim would have to be pursued in Maryland state court. Just like a claim of presidential ineligibility must be purused in Congress, not U.S. District Court and certainly not a court-martial.
An, finally you attack We, The People. Honestly, it doesn’t sound like you’re a fan of democracy. You want unelected judges to displace a President elected by a majority of Americans who voted in the 2010 presidential election. How much more undemocractic can you get than that?
You write, “[T]they have chosen to make sheer physical force the language we have to speak.” I’m done speaking with you.
Whoops — 2008 U.S. election. Sorry!
natural born citizen party 07.05.10 at 07:39
“STANDING — join the newly refreshed 1776 american revolution — each state has different election law statutes — asap formally announce that you are a write-in candidate for say congress in any district (or even in any state) you desire to have a write-in campaign as a legal-political statement to both the state and federal courts regarding political office eligibility and especially POTUS/CINC natural born citizen eligibility. We can not expect rank-and-file senior officers (O-5 and O-6′s) to carry the entire constitutional load with their particularized military-civilian standing — as different from commissioned junior officers and all enlisted — Kerchner & Co. should file an application/motion at USCA3C and/or SCOTUS to remove the Kerchner case jurisdiction of the military standing question to USDC-DC — the quo warranto court.”
Alan Keyes was actually ON the ballot in several states and he was rejected from having standing in the Captain Pamela Barnettt et. al. v Barack Obama et. al. lawsuit by Judge David O. Carter. Judge Carter found that Keyes did not have a reasonable chance of winning.
In the Taitz v Obama quo warranto claim, US Chief District Court Judge Royce C. Lamberth (a Reagan appointee) found that a “person of interest” entitled to file quo warranto can only be someone who was denied the office by an allegedly ineligible elected official. Again, that would need to be someone who could have won the election. That’s highly unlikely to be a write-in candidate.
A better legal strategy is to get the person who actually finished second in any election to sue. Senator John McCain might well have been granted standing to sue Obama for denying him the office.
Dwight, you’re taking my statement out of context. Here is the full context:
“You say all that matters is whether hopping on a plane to KY is illegal. But Lakin never received orders to hop on a plane to KY. He was told to serve a one-year (?) stint in Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom, starting by reporting to KY. The order to show up in KY was never separate from the order to serve in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Show me where he ever received an order to simply appear in KY – absent the other ingredient in the combination: the order to support OEF.”
Article 92 says that an order is lawful unless (among other things) it is contrary to the US Constitution. The only way to legally decide whether something is contrary to the US Constitution is by getting a decision from SCOTUS. The law doesn’t tell every step along the way regarding how that determination is to be made, but by virtue of requiring lawful orders to be Constitutional Article 92 requires the SCOTUS to ultimately determine the lawfulness of orders when there are questions of whether the order is “contrary to the Constitution”.
Congress can’t remove an ineligible president. They can impeach somebody who already is the president – which only became the supposed case because judges kept saying nobody had standing before Congress certified the electoral vote and/or the inauguration. Berg’s suit was filed before Obama was elected. Congress had nothing to do with that. Keyes’ lawsuit was also filed before the election.
And if you look at the cases of Donofrio and Wrotnowski, for instance, the decision was that citizens didn’t have standing to require their Secretary of State to obey the laws which required them to verify eligibility before placing a candidate on the ballot. It was an issue of whether the name could even be on the ballot. Congress has no bearing on that. The decision was – quite frankly – “It’s none of your business, you little peons. Your job is to be screwed just like everybody else is screwed.”
I am opposed to straight democracy. That is not what America is. We are a Constitutional Republic. If 51% of the voters decided that atheists should be beheaded it would (supposedly) not happen in America anyway because our Constitution requires much more than a 51% majority to change the basic guarantees that are in our Constitution. A judge would rule that vote unconstitutional. That is their job to protect the basic guarantees from an electorate who would vote that person off the island.
We can vote to get rid of the Constitution’s natural born citizenship requirement, but that is a different vote than a presidential election. The Constitution may not be overturned by a simple 51% majority in any one presidential election. And that Constitution says that nobody CAN be president except a natural born citizen who is the proper age and has been a resident of the US the proper time. It’s not a question of what we do if he becomes president. The Constitution says he CANNOT be the president if he doesn’t meet those requirements. And the 20th Amendment further clarifies that if he doesn’t qualify BY THE TIME OF THE INAUGURATION, the previous VP is to act as president until somebody who qualifies is chosen as POTUS. That’s very specific language, and it has never been obeyed.
Our process works, when it is followed. And that is precisely my gripe: government, media, and law enforcement are violating our process and our laws. I don’t care if Obama is president as long as the laws are kept. They have not been kept. Not even CLOSE. Every government, media, and law enforcement entity that I have dealt with – at every level – has either broken laws themselves or winked at those who broke them.
There is no way that can be OK with people who recognize the importance of the rule of law. And if there is no way for we the people to force our government to enforce the laws, what voice do the people have? We can elect somebody else. Big deal. They make MORE laws that nobody will enforce while they mock those who insist on the importance of the rule of law.
Elena Kagan said that government can ban books because it wouldn’t be enforced anyway. How do you get a more blase’ acceptance of the utter failure of the rule of law than that? She knows that a law that isn’t enforced basically doesn’t exist, and she’s perfectly comfortable with the unelected, unaccountable ENFORCERS of law deciding which laws exist and which don’t. That’s why ICE can say they won’t respond to referrals from Arizona. That’s why the IRS can threaten Chrysler lawyers with drummed-up tax evasion, and why Obama can fire Gerald Walpin against the very law that Obama sponsored. They can pick and choose which laws exist and which are just frosting on top of a shit sandwich – a pretty covering to hide what’s really going down.
I’m sick of frosting on top of a shit sandwich. I’m sick of words meaning nothing and lawyers arguing about how many angels can dance on the head of a pin while our country is being eaten alive and the judges are refusing to hear the big issues.
It amuses me that the birthers, who claim have such special expertise about Article II, Section 1, Clause 5, are so often either ignorant of or mistaken about other parts of the Constitution.
Butterdezillion, for example, seems to be unaware that the “cases” and “controversies” language of Article III precludes the Supreme Court from offering advisory opinions. See Article III, Sec. 2. That issue was resolved in 1793 when the Supreme Court unanimously declined President Washington’s request to offer an advisory opinion about a question of international law. See 3 Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay 486-89 (H. Johnston ed. 1893).
B.D. also seems to think–contrary to the language of both the Constitution and statute–that the Supreme Court is required to hear cases involving questions of federal constitutional law. Of course, the Supreme Court declines to hear the vast majority of such cases that are brought to it.
And then there’s this revisionist account of the 20th Amendment: “And the 20th Amendment further clarifies that if he doesn’t qualify BY THE TIME OF THE INAUGURATION, the previous VP is to act as president until somebody who qualifies is chosen as POTUS.” The 20th Amendment actually says, “If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President-elect shall have failed to qualify, then the VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT shall act as President until a President shall bave qualified . . . .” U.S. Const., amend. XX, sec. 3 (emphasis added). So under B.D.’s misreading of the Constitution, Vice President Cheney would have become President had President Obama “failed to qualify.” Under the actual Constitution, Vice President-Elect Biden would have become President.
SCOTUS doesn’t have to rule on anything – as long as they’re content with having a military that has no idea whether any of its orders are lawful.
I would hope that anybody who made it to SCOTUS would have more respect for the wellbeing of the nation than that. But then again, I would have thought that anybody who was even considered for SCOTUS would not judge Constitutionality of a law as irrelevant because the law wouldn’t be enforced anyway.
I don’t recognize this country.
How is the military supposed to determine when an order is “contrary to the Constitution” if SCOTUS doesn’t offer advisory opinions? Seems like the only way for the lawfulness to be determined is for somebody to be court-martialed and appeal to SCOTUS so it’s not an advisory opinion being requested but an actual ruling on the guilt or innocence of the accused person. Seems like that’s exactly what Lakin is trying to do – following the process that Article 92 implies must be followed.
I stand corrected on the 20th Amendment.
I wasn’t sure whether a VP running on the ticket with a disqualified president would himself qualify. It’s a little confusing because the 12th Amendment doesn’t act as if the presidential and vice-presidential candidates are on the same ballot, running as one unit (as they are now, where we don’t vote for the VP on a separate ballot). But the previous VP (Dick Cheney) wouldn’t be called a VP-elect either way so I guess the VP elected on a disqualified ticket would be the only person who could be called the “vice president elect”. So you’re probably right. Joe Biden would act as president until a president who qualified would be chosen.
My apologies for that mistake.
I wonder what would have happened if – as the 12th Amendment seems to allow – Obama had received the most votes for president and Sarah Palin had received the most votes for vice-president. The 12th amendment says the ballots for president and VP are to be distinct from each other – which certainly doesn’t seem to be followed today.
Something else I notice in the 12th Amendment: it is the electors themselves who certify their votes. Congress simply opens the sealed certificates and counts the votes. If Congress certifies anything it’s because of some law besides the Constitution.
Actually the opposite is true. The U.S. armed forces have a very good idea of the validity of orders. In this case it is unfortunately LTC Lakin has decided to violate a lawful order to make a political statement about the president.
As I’ve said before, he is likely in violation of a number of other orders and Articles of the UCMJ. But, as I’ve also said the WRAMC lawyers properly followed the KIS principle with their charging decisions.
The new Staff Judge Advocate reported for duty at MDW last week. I would anticipate a decision in the next week or so about whether LTC Lakin will face a court-martial or some other adverse action.
If the case is referred to trial then LTC Lakin will have to put his objections on paper and litigate them in open court. At that time we’ll see the worth of his “as yet undisclosed” strategy.
Come to think of it, seems like all the 2-party political garbage that clogs up our system is absent from the Constitution. It gives the House and Senate the power to make its own rules and that’s apparently where all the 2-party garbage enters the picture.
Viking, are you saying that the military is authorized to determine whether an order is “contrary to the Constitution”? Seems to me that the claim has always been that it would violate the apolitical nature of the military if they decided Constitutional issues on their own. So which is it? Can the military rule for itself on whether orders are “contrary to the Constitution”, or is that job reserved for the judicial system?
I think correcting misstatements by butterdezillion might be a full-time job.
Butterdezillion writes: “Elena Kagan said that government can ban books because it wouldn’t be enforced anyway.” Later, B.D. writes: “I would have thought that anybody who was even considered for SCOTUS would not judge Constitutionality of a law as irrelevant because the law wouldn’t be enforced anyway.”
Based on a thorough review of Solicitor General Kagan’s statements, it doesn’t appear that she ever said anything of the sort.
Shall we compare butterdezillion’s misrepresentations with what Solicitor General Kagan actually said?
This is from General Kagan’s argument in Citizens United:
“[T]he government’s view is that although 441b does cover full-length books, that there would be quite good as-applied challenge to any attempt to apply 441b in that context.
And I should say that the FEC has never applied 441b in that context. So for 60 years a book has never been at issue.” She added, in response to Justice Scalia’s question about the overbreadth doctrine: “I don’t think that it would be substantially overbroad, Justice Scalia, if I tell you that the FEC has never applied this statute to a book. To say that it doesn’t apply to books is to take off, you know, essentially nothing.” She later replied to a Justice Alito question by observing: “[W]hat we’re saying is that there has never been an enforcement action for books. Nobody has ever suggested — nobody in Congress, nobody in the administrative apparatus has ever suggested that books pose any kind of corruption problem, so I think that there would be a good as-applied challenge with respect to that.” She later reiterated that the “only statute that is involved in this case does not cover books. . . . 441b . . . does cover books, except that I have just said that there would be a good as-applied challenge and that there has been no administrative practice of ever applying it to the books.”
At her confirmation hearing, General Kagan discussed the same point with Senators Hatch and Feinstein. In an exchange with Senator Hatch, she said: “Senator Hatch, what we did in the Citizens United case was to defend the statute as it was written, which applied to all electioneering materials, with the single exception of books, which we told the court were not the kind of classic electioneering materials that posed the concerns that Congress had found to be posed by all electioneering materials of a kind of classic kind. Books are different. Books — you know, nobody uses books in order to campaign. . . . [T]he argument was that they were covered by the language of the statute but that a good constitutional challenge, as-applied constitutional challenge, could be made to it because the purposes that Congress had in enacting the statute, which were purposes of preventing corruption, would not easily have — have — have applied to books but would have applied to all the materials that people typically use in campaigns.” She told Senator Feinstein, “We said that the act ought not to be applied. It had never been applied to books. We thought it never would be applied to books. And to the extent that anybody ever tried to apply it to books, what I argued in the court was that there would be a good constitutional challenge to that because the corrupting potential of books is different from the corrupting potential of the more typical kinds of independent expenditures.”
When did Solicitor General ever say, as butterdezillion alleges, “that government can ban books because it wouldn’t be enforced anyway.” So far as I can tell, never. Books weren’t covered by the part of the law at issue in Citizens United. She indicated that the part of the law that did cover books had never actually been applied to books and suggested that it would probably be struck down as unconstitutional if it were. That seems almost the opposite of saying that “government can ban books.” And it certainly doesn’t suggest that she views the constitutionality of a law “as irrelevant because the law wouldn’t be enforced anyway,” to quote butterdezillion.
So she said it wasn’t being enforced for books and if it was ever enforced for books it might be found unconstitutional.
The reasonable thing to do would be to say the law should exclude books if it’s not intended to apply to books. That way it would mean what it says and say what it means. Like people expect from each other.
The way Kagan explains it just gives fudge room, and we know what liberals do with fudge room. Bankruptcy law says secured investors get first dibs on anything left in bankruptcy? Aw, shucks, let’s just give it to the union thugs who elected us instead – and if anybody protests we’ll just get the IRS to trump up charges against them…
Fudge room. Fun stuff. The thing about fudge is….. the little people can’t do a thing to defend against it. The judges can interpret it however they want – and nobody can do a thing about it.
Just like I can’t do a thing to force the HDOH to obey their laws. They tell me to sue them if I don’t like their answers. They know that they don’t have to disclose anything harmful to Obama because Obama’s executive order giving lots of money and other aid to Native Hawaiians would be jeopardized if Obama is shown to be ineligible. Their UIPA law actually says they can break their state disclosure laws if it’s necessary to keep Hawaii feeding at the federal trough. Three weeks after Leo Donofrio reported that the HDOH had confirmed that Obama’s birth certificate is amended, Obama signed an executive order giving massive aid to Native Pacific Islanders – hogslop to keep the Hawaii bureaucrats bowing at his feet.
Fudge room.
But the governor of Hawaii isn’t a native Pacific Islander, she is Jewish, and a Republican who endorsed and campaigned for John McCain.
HDOH Director Chiyome Fukino is a Native Hawaiian and fighting for the advancement of Native Hawaiians has always been her pet project.
Obama chose his carrot very precisely.
And he got from her exactly what he wanted. She is the one who has committed misprision of felony by not reporting what she knew was a forgery by Obama and perjury by Pelosi. And she’s broken a ton of laws and rules that aren’t necessarily criminal also.
Lingle’s big thing is Hawaii sovereignty, which Obama has also promised to sign if it comes to him.
Anybody can be bought if the price is right. And Obama has all our tax money and all the audacity necessary to claim even powers he can’t legally have. So Obama can offer whatever the bidding price is. He’s been systematically tearing down the checks and balances as well as the separation of powers, the US Constitution, the rule of law, and the infrastructure on which the nation depends. This is the ultimate coup. Nobody in our entire history has had the kind of power that Obama has illegally grabbed for himself.
If ever there was a time when we needed our military officers to take their oaths to defend the Constitution from domestic and foreign enemies, this is it. Obama is a foreign enemy (who told the Egyptian ambassador that he supports the Muslim agenda, which is presumably worldwide sharia and the destruction of Israel and the US – both of which are assaults on this nation and our Constitution, and I believe constitute the impeachable crime of treason) who was put in place by a lawless coup through the corruption within our system.
The bloodless coup that Manuel Zelaya tried in Honduras – and which Obama wanted to punish Honduras for stopping through lawful means – is the mirror image of what Obama has been doing here, right under the noses of our military and judiciary. Possibly even at the hands of our military and judiciary. Why do you think Quantico and Centcom keep trying to hack The Post & Email? Is that what our military is supposed to do? Does it make you wonder what the heck is going on?
two manchurian candidates — the perfect election sting by CIA and foreign financed / controlled national party committees (see the Logan Act).
Moynihan was correct, the CIA should have been abolished years ago.
http://www.carnegieendowment.org
In his memoir, Present at the Creation, former Secretary of State Dean Acheson expressed his misgivings about the creation of the CIA in 1947. “I had the gravest forebodings about this organization and warned the President that as set up neither he, the National Security Council, nor anyone else would be in a position to know what it was doing or to control it.” In 1991 and again in 1995, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan introduced bills to abolish the CIA and assign its functions to the State Department, which is what Acheson and his predecessor, George Marshall, had advocated. But Moynihan’s proposal was treated as evidence of his eccentricity rather than of his wisdom and never came to a vote.
What is the active senior officer (e.g. Lakin) to do as an army officer attempting to prevent an undocumented worker serving as POTUS/CINC?
Case or Controversy Clause of Article III of the United States Constitution (found in Art. III, Section 2, Clause 1) — the CM of LTC Lakin.
Wrong again, Dr. Chiyome Fukino is of Japanese-American heritage. She is not a Native Hawaiian.
Dr. Fukino was appointed director of the Hawaii Department of Health before Barack Obama even announced his candidacy for the presidency.
Butterdezillion’s paranoid conspiracy theories are embarrassing in their ignorance.
Dr. Fukino was appointed in 2002. Obama announced for president in 2007.
“What is the active senior officer (e.g. Lakin) to do as an army officer attempting to prevent an undocumented worker serving as POTUS/CINC?
Case or Controversy Clause of Article III of the United States Constitution (found in Art. III, Section 2, Clause 1) — the CM of LTC Lakin.”
He has two choices: he can serve his nation honorably like General David Petraeus and about a million and a half active duty men and women are currently doing or he can end up court martialed, reduced in rank or separated from military service to make a dubious point like Lieutenant Colonel Lakin is about to experience.
It is the job of the Courts and the Congress to determine presidential eligibility. As has already been pointed out, the Constitution provides NO role for the military in that process. In fact, the Uniform Code of Military Justice expressly prohibits actions like Lakin has taken under the doctrines of lawfulness of orders and de facto officer.
Lakin is a senior officer, by definition seperate and apart from non-policy junior officer and all enlisted ranks and lower pay grades. We commission and pay him to enforce the political policy of the US Constitution. Flag ranks and non-military politicans can attempt to fire him but certainly not CM or otherwise arrest him for enforcing his oath of office defending the constitution. And this certainly this is not an alternative court martial of Billy Mitchell style insubordination.
“Lakin is a senior officer, by definition seperate and apart from non-policy junior officer and all enlisted ranks and lower pay grades. We commission and pay him to enforce the political policy of the US Constitution. Flag ranks and non-military politicans can attempt to fire him but certainly not CM or otherwise arrest him for enforcing his oath of office defending the constitution. And this certainly this is not an alternative court martial of Billy Mitchell style insubordination.”
The Uniform Code of Military Justice makes no distinctions between senior officers, junior officers or enlisted personnel with regard to the regulations concerning lawfulness of orders and de facto officer.
But we’ll all soon know for certain who is right and who is wrong in their interpretations of what is required under the UCMJ.
I never said or implied that Fukino was appointed after Obama was elected. I said that she is big on wanting to promote Native Hawaiians and that Obama’s “carrot” was very precise since the person who needed to do the crimes at the time the EO was made was a person who is big on Native Pacific-Islander (including Hawaiian) promotion (which was the precise subject of the EO at the precise time that Obama needed to hush up the HDOH.
And voila! It worked! One of Obama’s few successes – back-alley bribery to thwart the laws and legal processes.
As to my “embarrassing inaccuracy” about Fukino being Native Hawaiian, I’ll do as I’ve done with all my documentation regarding the HDOH’s shenanigans – I’ll let her speak for herself. Here is a quote from her, found at http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:KXQWIPukhUoJ:the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2003/Feb/10/ln/ln19a.html+Fukino+first,+Native+Hawaiians,+-Obama&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us :
>>>”"As a Native Hawaiian, I have a very strong interest in how we preserve these islands,” she said.>>>
I’m not beyond making mistakes and if I’ve made a mistake I will acknowledge it. I try as much as possible to avoid mistakes by letting the actual documents speak for themselves, and always linking to the documents so people can see if I am accurate. That’s all I can do, and people can make their own conclusions about my accuracy.
Are you sure you want to cite the de facto officer doctrine as a reason that Lakin is supposedly forbidden to do what he’s done? If the military wants to argue that Lakin disobeyed unlawful orders that he was required to obey because of the de facto officer doctrine, then that is the case they need to make. They’re not making that case. They are saying he disobeyed LAWFUL orders. So that is the question: whether the orders he disobeyed were lawful.
I don’t know what the “lawfulness of orders” that you’re talking about is all about, but when I look at the “elements” associated with Article 92 I see a clear description that says an order is not lawful if it is contrary to the Constitution or laws, if it is issued by someone acting beyond their authority, or if it is unlawful for some other reason. The Constitutionality of the orders that Lakin received – that is, to complete a given timeframe in Afghanistan in support of OEF, beginning by reporting to ….. – is critical to the issue of whether the order Lakin disobeyed was lawful.
If it wasn’t a lawful order then they have to charge him with something else. All Lakin wants to find out is whether the order was lawful – which would only be the case if the order for the continued use of force in Afghanistan was given by a valid, CONSTITUTIONAL president, since the UCMJ standard for lawfulness is compliance with the CONSTITUTION – not swearing in, certifications, popular vote, etc, which are none of them enough to negate the requirements of the Constitution itself.
And as I’ve said before, we know that Obama didn’t qualify by January 20, 2009. He can’t have qualified because the facts of his birth are officially in legal limbo until the BC is presented as evidence and a judicial or administrative person or body determines the probative value of his amended birth certificate. The Constitution’s 20th Amendment thus forbade him from assuming the duties of the presidency/CIC.
IOW, we already KNOW that Obama cannot Constitutionally be the CIC. His orders are “contrary to the Constitution” and thus unlawful.
NBC,
O-5s do incredibly important work. In the Marine Corps, for example, battalion commanders are O-5s. But to suggest that an O-5 isn’t a “non-policy” officer is laughable. Let’s return to the example of the Marine infantry battalion commander. He reports to a regimental commander, who reports to a division CG, who reports to a MEF CG, who reports to a combatant commander. How much policy do you suppose is made at the battalion level?
No court and no legislative authority has found Obama to be ineligible to be president of the United States therefore he IS Commander-in-Chief and his orders are lawfull until a court or the Congress rules otherwise. Obama has the exact same presumption of innocence as every other American.
Just because it is your personal opinion that he is ineligible does not make it so; particularly when seventy courts have ruled differently.
Article 92 Uniform Code of Military Justice
“Any person subject to this chapter who—
(1) violates or fails to obey any lawful general order or regulation;
(2) having knowledge of any other lawful order issued by a member of the armed forces, which it is his duty to obey, fails to obey the order; or
(3) is derelict in the performance of his duties; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.”
Elements.
(1) Violation of or failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation.
(a) That there was in effect a certain lawful general order or regulation;
(b) That the accused had a duty to obey it; and
(c) That the accused violated or failed to obey the order or regulation.
(2) Failure to obey other lawful order.
(a) That a member of the armed forces issued a certain lawful order;
(b) That the accused had knowledge of the order;
(c) That the accused had a duty to obey the order; and
(d) That the accused failed to obey the order.
(3) Dereliction in the performance of duties.
(a) That the accused had certain duties;
(b) That the accused knew or reasonably should have known of the duties; and
(c) That the accused was (willfully) (through neglect or culpable inefficiency) derelict in the performance of those duties.
Explanation.
(1) Violation of or failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation.
(a) General orders or regulations are those orders or regulations generally applicable to an armed force which are properly published by the President or the Secretary of Defense, of Transportation, or of a military department, and those orders or regulations generally applicable to the command of the officer issuing them throughout the command or a particular subdivision thereof which are issued by:
(i) an officer having general court-martial jurisdiction;
(ii) a general or flag officer in command; or
(iii) a commander superior to (i) or (ii).
(b) A general order or regulation issued by a commander with authority under Article 92(1) retains its character as a general order or regulation when another officer takes command, until it expires by its own terms or is rescinded by separate action, even if it is issued by an officer who is a general or flag officer in command and command is assumed by another officer who is not a general or flag officer.
(c) A general order or regulation is lawful unless it is contrary to the Constitution, the laws of the United States, or lawful superior orders or for some other reason is beyond the authority of the official issuing it. See the discussion of lawfulness in paragraph 14c(2)(a).
(d) Knowledge. Knowledge of a general order or regulation need not be alleged or proved, as knowledge is not an element of this offense and a lack of knowledge does not constitute a defense.
(e) Enforceability. Not all provisions in general orders or regulations can be enforced under Article 92(1). Regulations which only supply general guide-lines or advice for conducting military functions may not be enforceable under Article 92(1).
(2) Violation of or failure to obey other lawful order.
(a) Scope. Article 92(2) includes all other lawful orders which may be issued by a member of the armed forces, violations of which are not chargeable under Article 90, 91, or 92(1). It includes the violation of written regulations which are not general regulations. See also subparagraph (1)(e) above as applicable.
(b) Knowledge. In order to be guilty of this offense, a person must have had actual knowledge of the order or regulation. Knowledge of the order may be proved by circumstantial evidence.
– if Lakin survives this CM threat due to his O-5 senior officer status as a vested policy / constitutional enforcement office, we will see more O-5 marines or whatever service begin to be aware and soon begin exercise their constitutional litmus testing policy enforcement role.
NBCP, I don’t think you know much about Marines. Marine O-5s are overwhelming concerned with accomplishing their assigned missions, not engaging in quixotic challenges to the chain of command. I’m unaware of any Marine officers who have, Lakin-like, abandoned their Marines who are deploying into harm’s way. That would be so alien to the Marine culture as to be almost unthinkable. Do tell, NBCP, have you served in the military?
Not “almost” it is unthinkable of Marine officers of that grade.
Dwight, it seems to me that the resolution authorizing the use of force gave the authority to decide that to the president alone. Are you saying that the brigade commander would have that authority even if no valid president had given a lawful, Constitution-compliant order?
Joey, you don’t seem to be grasping what I’m saying.
You said, “No court and no legislative authority has found Obama to be ineligible to be president of the United States therefore he IS Commander-in-Chief and his orders are lawfull until a court or the Congress rules otherwise.”
Where in the elements does it say that an order is lawful unless a court or Congress says it isn’t?
Let’s let the document speak for itself. As even you quoted, “A general order or regulation is lawful unless it is contrary to the Constitution, the laws of the United States, or lawful superior orders or for some other reason is beyond the authority of the official issuing it. See the discussion of lawfulness in paragraph 14c(2)(a). ”
Where in that are you getting Congress and a judge? The standard is the Constitution itself. No judge has addressed whether Lakin’s orders are contrary to the Constitution. That is precisely what Lakin is trying to get a judge to do. Why is the military hell-bent on keeping the proper procedure for determining the lawfulness of the orders from happening?
And no judge has even taken the preliminary step of looking at Obama’s birth certificate. There is no person on this planet who can say how old Obama is in the eyes of the law. In the eyes of the law nothing is known about the facts of Obama’s birth. All that exists legally is claims which have never been sufficiently substantiated to count as prima facie evidence. Please don’t repeat the false statement that judges have ruled that Obama is eligible or that by their silence they have affirmed his eligibility. According to Hawaii law NOTHING is legally known about Obama’s birth unless and until the birth certificate is presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body. THAT HAS NEVER HAPPENED. Do you understand that?
A judge can say whatever they want – the most common thing being, “Nobody has standing to get an answer regarding Obama’s eligibility” – but according to Hawaii law that birth certificate means NOTHING in a legal sense until it is presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body and the probative value is determined. Congress is neither judicial nor adminsitrative, so even if Pelosi had seen the BC – which neither she nor any democrat even ASKED to see – she is not legally able to determine the probative value or the facts of Obama’s birth.
The BC is the legal equivalent of Monopoly money until that step is taken, and Obama has spent a LOT of money to make sure that step CAN’T be taken. Do you understand that Hawaii law says Obama’s amended BC is the legal equivalent of Monopoly money and can never be anything more than that unless and until it is presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body? This is critical. There is no sense going on until that fact is acknowledged.
The 20th Amendment gives Obama a deadline. The steps necessary for him to “qualify” had to be completed by January 20, 2009. They were not. That is a hard, cold fact. Having failed to qualify by Jan 20th, Obama was prohibited by the 20th Amendment from taking office. His inauguration was illegal – contrary to the Constitution.
Even if the whole world ignores that fact, the military cannot ignore it if they want to charge someone with disobeying a LAWFUL order. That adjective is critical. Those elements never say what happens if a person disobeys an UNLAWFUL order. The lawfulness of the order doesn’t depend on a vote, a certification, or an oath. It depends on whether the order matches what is in the Constitution. If Obama is not eligible to be president and/or “failed to qualify” by January 20, 2009 the Constitution forbids him from being the president and CIC. Period.
First, yes, I once swore the same oath of office Lakin did.
And second, as an old friend stated in part in a related case regarding your attempts to dismiss the quixotic Lakins of this world and like defenders of the constitution.
“Perhaps metaphorically quixotic may be a true expression of any federal court action
today that attempts to defend the chimera of the U.S. Constitution …”
Constitutionally speaking, only Joe Biden could give a general order for continued combat operations in Afghanistan, until a qualifying president can be chosen.
Wrap your mind around THAT.
This country is never more than one generation away from extinction. Any generation which fails to guard the freedoms we have can drop the baton and destroy this nation forever. It is no trifle when dead men vote. It is no trifle when people who are so drunk or stoned they can’t possibly make a sober judgment vote. It is no trifle when people dumbed down by a communist educational system vote. It is no trifle when the media and law enforcement hide crimes in order to protect the politician they like. These are all critical threats to America’s continued existence. The power of these people to destroy America is more real and imminent than anything Iran is developing right now.
We’ve been lulled into thinking that America is a given. It’s not. Our ignorance, apathy, and willingness to be bought off by corrupt politicians’ pork can kill this nation. If our law enforcement is allowed to go the way of Mexico or Iran, then this nation ceases to exist. If we fall asleep at the wheel we die. People HAVE to realize that and take the risk to this nation seriously.
Phil Cave, I missed your post where you quoted this:
““Federal courts will refuse to hear a case if they find it presents a political question. This phrase is construed narrowly, and it does not stop courts from hearing cases about controversial issues like abortion, or politically important topics like campaign finance. Rather, the Supreme Court has held that federal courts should not hear cases which deal directly with issues that Constitution makes the sole responsibility of the other branches of government. Baker v Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962). Therefore, the Court has held that the conduct of foreign relations is the sole responsibility of the executive branch, and cases challenging the way the executive is using that power present political questions. Oetjen v. Central Leather Co., 246 U.S. 297 (1918). Similarly, the Court has held that lawsuits challenging congress’ procedure for impeachment proceedings present political questions. Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993).”
As we commentators have alluded, it is now a question for the Congress as to whether President Obama is the president. The Senate under the leadership of Vice-President Cheney certified the results of the election and the president was sworn in to office. Objections could have been made but weren’t. Now the status of the president as a legitimate office-holder is at least a political question, not a legal one. That horse left the gate months ago.”
First off, where does the Constitution ever designate Congress as having anything to do with the election besides counting the already-certified and sealed electoral votes? Where in the Constitution is Congress expressly given the job of determining eligibility?
Second, Hawaii law says that Congress is not able to determine the probative value of an amended BC. Congress is legislative. By Hawaii law, ONLY a judicial or administrative person or body can determine the probative value of an amended BC, and only when the amended BC is presented as evidence. IOW, the facts of Obama’s birth can only determined in a setting where there is legal accountability for the person who ultimately says whether the alleged facts on the amended BC are sufficiently substantiated to be probative.
If the Constitution actually gave Congress the job of “certifying” eligibility, then Congress would have to set up a procedure whereby an amended BC such as Obama’s would be presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body – who ALONE have the legal power to determine whether the claims on that amended BC are sufficiently proven.
Congress has no legal power to do that on its own. Nancy Pelosi can no more legally say that Obama is Constitutionally qualified to be POTUS than she can saythe Pope is fired. If she said the Pope is fired it would have no legal effect, and her saying that Obama is eligible also has no legal effect. She was not given that power by the Constitution and she is forbidden from that power by Hawaii law.
Chief Justice Roberts or SCOTUS could say that Obama is eligible – but only after Obama’s amended BC was presented to him/them as evidence. SCOTUS refused to hear any case in which the BC would be presented as evidence.
Who are you claiming has ever fulfilled Hawaii’s legal requirement for determining the probative value of Obama’s amended birth certificate? No legal determination of eligibility CAN be made until that step has been fulfilled. Until that step is fulfilled Congress CANNOT have accurately certified anything, even if they were authorized by the Constitution to do so.
Furthermore, Article 92 doesn’t spell out layers upon layers of procedures that can negate the Constitution. The elements of Article 92 make the lawfulness of an order dependent upon it not being “contrary to the Constitution”. Because the facts of Obama’s birth are officially and legally undetermined it is obvious that he “failed to qualify” by Jan 20, 2009 and the Constitution is clear that he was forbidden from taking office because of that.
Please also keep in mind that the Hawaii DOH has indirectly confirmed in 2 different ways that the Factcheck COLB is a forgery. It has no bearing on anything (except showing that Obama is guilty of breaking the Federal False Information Act by failing to tell Congress and every state’s SOS that his campaign site had posted a forgery, AND that he is guilty of identity theft for stealing someone else’s birth certificate number – someone whose very existence is documentably being wiped from the records at the HDOH, the VA, and Punchbowl Cemetery before my very eyes. I’ve got the screenshots to prove it).
Even the GENUINE birth certificate in Hawaii, because it has been amended, is the legal equivalent of Monopoly money until it is presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body and they determine that the claims on it have been sufficiently proven.
1. President Obama has been sworn into office. Therefore there is no non-frivolous challenge to his holding office, executing the duties of that office, and conducting U.S. foreign policy.
2. If enough members of the Congress can vote articles of impeachment, that is a constitutionally valid method to challenge the president for high crimes and misdemeanors.
3. Until such time as the President is convicted by the Senate of a high crime or misdemeanor he is the president.
4. The de facto officer doctrine has been discussed ad nauseum. However, IMHO that too is irrelevant to the issues and LTC Lakin’s case. The president is properly the president and so the courts don’t have to resort to the doctrine to validate the president’s actions. Were this to be litigated they could drop a footnote on the doctrine as far as I’m concerned.
5. If the president ordered the national guard into federal service and then ordered them to bar entry into a school by persons of color, I believe that to be unconstitutional and the officers would be required to disobey. That to me is an example of the meaning of unconstitutional for an orders violation issue.
6. As to everything else, it’s irrelevant where the president was born now.
7. If however, someone found real evidence that the birth certificate was faked to show a date of birth altered to make the president eligible for office by virtue of the age requirement. Then there’s a problem. But, see 2., above. The way to deal with that is through Articles of Impeachment, not through disobedience to orders and that would be a situation where arguably the de facto officer doctrine would have to be applied until such time as the issue was resolved.
Viking, how could Obama have “qualified” (as used in the 20th Amendment) if the facts of his birth are officially undetermined, according to Hawaii law? There is no legal entity in this country who can even SAY how old Obama is. You say there would be a problem if records had been altered to change his AGE to make him eligible. Well, the HDOH has confirmed that the Factcheck COLB is not genuine and that the genuine birth certificate is amended so that the facts of Obama’s birth – including his age, place of birth, and parentage (each one a potential disqualifier) – are officially UNDETERMINED.
So when did he qualify, as required by the 20th Amendment? Anybody who claims that he is qualified had better show when Obama’s amended BC was presented to a judicial or administrative person or body and determined to be probative. So tell me when that happened. Who claimed that he was qualified, and on which judicial or administrative person or body’s legal decision (when the BC was presented as evidence) did they rely in order to determine Obama’s age, parentage, and birth place – the issues that determine whether a president-elect “qualifies” to be POTUS?
You recognize, don’t you, that nobody in Congress has the authority to legally determine the facts of Obama’s birth? If anybody in Congress tried to do so they would be acting outside their authority and their statement means nothing legally. Given that fact, when has ANYBODY who has the authority to determine the facts of Obama’s birth ever done so? Don’t tell me what Congress has done. They don’t have the authority to determine the facts of Obama’s birth. If they tried to do so they acted outside their authority and what they said or did has no legal merit.
Viking, the Constitution forbids a president-elect from taking the oath of office if he/she “fails to qualify” by inauguration day. Obama’s inauguration was illegal. If I went and crowned you king it wouldn’t make you legally king, because I don’t have the authority to crown you king. In such a case, I could swear up and down, repeatedly, that you are king because I crowned you king – but it wouldn’t make a bit of difference because my crowning of you has no legal merit.
The 20th Amendment of the Constitution FORBIDS Obama from taking office because he never legally qualified by Jan 20, 2009 – since in the eyes of the law his age, parentage, and birth place (the qualifications to be eligible for office) are LEGALLY UNDETERMINED. They can’t be legally determined until his amended birth certificate is presented to a judicial or administrative person or body, and we know that has never happened.
So you can say his inauguration makes him president, but an illegal inauguration is no more legally binding than me crowning you king.
My Liege,
I thnk the de facto officer doctrine is relevant to the discovery issue, but not the substantive issue. Here’s why. Mr. Jensen will say that he must be allowed discovery to determine President Obama’s constitutional eligibility. He’ll present the standard set of guano-crazy birther talking points in an attempt to get that discovery. One of the reasons the requested will be rejected (and certainly there are many others) is because EVEN IF it were determined that the President is constitutionally ineligible, under the de facto officer doctrine, that would not undermine the validity of orders issued by subordinate Article II officials before the defect was revealed. It’s the “even if” argument that brings the de facto officer doctrine into play.
OBE.
Someone needed to convince the Senate, lead by Vice-President Cheney at the time, of the concerns. They didn’t, the inaugural was held. Done, over, finished.
I never thought Bush was lawfully elected president. There was a potential issue of a challenge, but then Vice-President Gore waived off on pushing the issue. He accepted, and I so wish he hadn’t, that Bush was the president. Done, over, finished.
Both efforts after the inaugural would have been or are quixotic at this time.
Should President Obama seek a second term people can address the issues then, maybe.
My Liege,
Got it. I’ll revise, extend, and amend my remarks, to adopt your point.
And I must concede that I’ve certainly made some facially valid but quixotic discovery requests in my time.
Butterdezillion,
I grasp exactly what you are saying. However you are showing no understanding of the de facto officer doctrine.
“The de facto officer doctrine confers validity upon acts performed by a person acting under the color of official title even though it is later discovered that the legality of that person’s appointment or election to office is deficient. Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 440 (1886). “The de facto doctrine springs from the fear of the chaos that would result from multiple and repetitious suits challenging every action taken by every official whose claim to office could be open to question, and seeks to protect the public by insuring the orderly functioning of the government despite technical defects in title to office.” 63A Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees § 578, pp. 1080-1081 (1984).”
In context, the following excerpt from an actual court decision brought by another member of the US military, Captain Pamela Barnett (in Barnett et. al. v Obama et. al.)
should explain it to you (YET AGAIN):
“There may very well be a legitimate role for the judiciary to interpret whether the natural born citizen requirement has been satisfied in the case of a presidential CANDIDATE WHO HAS NOT ALREADY WON ELECTION AND TAKEN OFFICE. However, on the day that President Obama took the presidential oath and was sworn in, HE BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Any removal of him from the presidency must be accomplished through the Constitution’s mechanisms for the removal of a President, either through impeachment or the succession process set forth in the Twenty-Fifth Amendment.
Plaintiffs attempt to subvert this grant of power to Congress by convincing the Court that it should disregard the constitutional procedures in place for the removal of a sitting president. The process for removal of a sitting president–REMOVAL FOR ANY REASON–is within the province of Congress, not the courts.”—US District Court Judge David O. Carter in dismissing “Captain Pamela Barnett, et. al. v Barack H. Obama, et. al.,” October 29, 2009
“Viking, the Constitution forbids a president-elect from taking the oath of office if he/she “fails to qualify” by inauguration day. Obama’s inauguration was illegal. If I went and crowned you king it wouldn’t make you legally king, because I don’t have the authority to crown you king. In such a case, I could swear up and down, repeatedly, that you are king because I crowned you king – but it wouldn’t make a bit of difference because my crowning of you has no legal merit.
The 20th Amendment of the Constitution FORBIDS Obama from taking office because he never legally qualified by Jan 20, 2009 – since in the eyes of the law his age, parentage, and birth place (the qualifications to be eligible for office) are LEGALLY UNDETERMINED. They can’t be legally determined until his amended birth certificate is presented to a judicial or administrative person or body, and we know that has never happened.
So you can say his inauguration makes him president, but an illegal inauguration is no more legally binding than me crowning you king.”
—
The above is merely a personal opinion.
No court decision has confirmed Butterdezillion’s personal opinion. In fact, 70 courts have looked at Obama’s eligibility and none have ruled him to be ineligible and that includes 8 appeals rejected by the US Supreme Court.
When Chief Justice John Roberts swore Barack Hussein Obama in, he became the President of the United States. He was constitutionally eligible for that office because his Electoral College votes were certified without objection at a Joint Session of Congress presided over by Vice President Cheney in his role as President of the Senate.
DWight and Joey, if Lakin is going to be charged with disobeying an UNLAWFUL ORDER that he is required to obey anyway because of the de facto doctrine, then that is what he needs to be charged with. That’s not the charge that was made. He was charged with an Article 92 offense – disobeying a LAWFUL order.
If Obama can’t give orders without being “contrary to the Constitution”, then the military has to charge Lakin with something besides Article 92. As long as they’ve got an Article 92 charge against him they have to allow him what he needs in order to defend himself against THAT CHARGE.
Lakin’s orders were in response to Obama’s order for more troops to deploy to Afghanistan. The only person who can authorize the use of force, according to the resolution passed after 9-11, is the president. The Constitution does not allow a person to take the oath of office if they have not “qualified” by Jan 20th. Obama’s oath of office was therefore unconstitutional, since even to THIS DAY the facts of his birth have never been legally determined. His presidency and anything he does as he pretends to be president are “contrary to the Constitution” and thus unlawful. The orders Lakin received from his CO was never authorized by a valid president – the only person who could authorize them – and are also therefore unlawful.
The lawfulness of the orders absolutely depends on whether a Constitutional president authorized this use of force. The only reason we even need discovery to prove that Obama is not a Constitutional president is to verify that the HDOH’s confirmation of Obama’s BC being amended was accurate. As long as that is accurate, we KNOW that Obama “failed to qualify” because TO THIS DAY his age, parents, and place of birth are still not legally determined.
If the military wants to charge Lakin with breaking the de facto doctrine they need to charge him with that. They need to say that even though Obama can’t lawfully be president under the Constitution, his orders have to be obeyed anyway because he is the de facto president.
Is that what the military is going to say?
Unless they change the charge they have to deal with the issue of whether Lakin did what they accuse him of: disobeying a LAWFUL order.
Everything you’ve offered is your “personal opinion”, Joey. Read these words of the 20th Amendment: “If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified…”
Basic reading comprehension says that a President-elect can still “fail to qualify”. How would that happen? To be the President-elect he/she would already have to have met the electoral vote requirement. What are the qualifications that someone still has to meet if they’ve already received the necessary electoral votes (which is the only thing Congress “certifies” – the tally of the final electoral vote)? What is your “opinion”? What does the Constitution say are the necessary qualifications for a POTUS and VP, beyond simply being elected?
How can someone FAIL to qualify by Jan 20th? The facts of his birth are the same on Jan 20th as they were on Nov 8th or Dec 15th. So what could change between Dec 15th and Jan 20th that would make him “qualify” – or, if left undone would result in a President-elect that “failed to qualify”?
I’ll add here that Dwight corrected me to make sure I comprehended the significance of the term “Vice President ELECT”. I appreciate the correction. It was not Dwight’s OPINION that VP elect means (in this case) Joe Biden. That is a factual matter. I was wrong when I said Dick Cheney. Words have meanings. There is no way that Dick Cheney would have been called a “vice president elect” on January 19, 2009.
So you tell me. What do the words “if the President elect shall have failed to qualify” mean?
Joey, where in the Constitution does it say that a person is made eligible – regardless of age, parentage, birthplace, or residency – if Congress says he is eligible? Where in the Constitution does it say that Congress decides who is eligible? I see that as far as Presidential elections go (which is different than the elections for Congress, which Congress has the power to make decisions on), Congress is allowed to set the day for the electors to vote and they are to count the votes given to them by sealed certificates. Where are you seeing the Constitution giving Congress the job of deciding whether a President-elect “qualifies”?
Furthermore, someone is not the “President-elect” until after the electoral votes have been duly counted and the person to become President is thus chosen. But the 20th Amendment says that a President-elect still may “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th. The electoral vote is obviously not the ONLY requirement that has to be met in order for someone to qualify as POTUS.
And nowhere is the oath made some magical thing which confers the presidency on somebody. Before the president can execute the office he has to swear to “preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.” He also has to “qualify”. If he has failed to qualify by the start date for his duties he is not allowed to assume those duties – regardless of anything else. “Close” only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades. A President-elect who meets only one out of the two Constitutional prerequisites for actually assuming the duties is not allowed to actually assume those duties. The oath is one prerequisite. Without the other prerequisite met, the oath is “close but no cigar”.
Butterdezillion, where in the Constitution does it say that because some citizens say that a person who has enough electoral college votes and been sworn in is ineligible that makes them ineligible? The Twelvth Amendment to the Constitution states that “the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes (of the Electoral College) shall then be counted.
The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, SHALL BE THE PRESIDENT…” In 2009, that person was Barack Hussein Obama II.
The Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution states that the term of the President and Vice President shall begin at Noon on January 20th. Barack Obama’s term began at noon on January 20th.
There has been no finding of ineligiblity by any authorized body; no court finding of ineligibility, no congressional finding of ineligibility, no grand jury finding of ineligibility.
The time to determine eligibility is before a candidate’s name is placed on the ballot. It is the responsibility of the Chief Election offier in each state to make sure that only eligibile candidates appear on a state’s ballot. That official is the Secretary of State in most states. If that cannot be accomplished then the time to determine eligibility is before counting an ineligible candidate’s electoral college votes and certifying the winner as the president. The law of the land allows any one Senator and any one Representative to submit written challenges to the Certification of any state’s electoral college votes. If the President of the Senate receives two written challenges, both Houses of Congress must immediately investigate the reasons for those challenges. If that cannot be accomplished, the last time to determine eligibility is before Inauguration Day and the administration of the Oath of Office. Once the Oath of Office is administered, the person to whom it was administered is the duly elected President of the United States.
Joey, you’re saying a lot of stuff, but I want to know where the Constitution says any of that. And if the Constitution says nothing about it, then where does the Constitution give the responsibility and authority to someone to decide on the procedures?
How does a President-elect “fail to qualify”? He’s already got the electoral votes, which have been certified by Congress, he “shall be the president” (as you quote), and yet the 20th Amendment says if he has “failed to qualify” by the start date for his term then the VP-elect is to assume the duties until a President WHO QUALIFIES can be chosen. Given what you’ve said, how could a President-elect “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th? According to your scenario it’s a done deal as soon as Congress certifies that the candidate is the President-elect. If that’s so, then what the heck is the 20th Amendment even saying?
See, the scenario you gave sounds reasonable. But it doesn’t make sense with what is actually in the Constitution. I see nothing in the Constitution that even vaguely resembles what you just rattled off. And that’s a pretty big problem, if the Constitution is truly the supreme law of the land.
So before we go any farther I need to hear your explanation of what the 20th Amendment means when it says that a President-elect might “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th.
See http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_inau.html for historical background on the fact that an oath does not make a person the president. Quote:
“So, then, the gap is a time when there is a powerless president. The passage of time marks the start of the office, but the oath marks the start of the powers of the office.”
If the President-elect “fails to qualify” by the time the term starts, he/she is not allowed to receive the powers of the office – as stated in the 20th Amendment. In that case, the VP-elect is to receive the powers of the office until a president who qualified can be chosen. That’s what the 20th Amendment says.
I stand corrected in that Obama IS the president, thus explaining the phrase “shall be President” that you mentioned, Joey. But according to the 20th Amendment he is not Constitutionally able to have the POWERS of the office because he has “failed to qualify” by Jan 20, 2009. That would include the power to issue lawful orders as the CIC, issue executive orders, sign bills, establish foreign policy, appoint SCOTUS justices or “czars”, etc. He is a president who is Constitutionally unable to do anything presidential.
The history on that site shows that what you would call “my opinion” has some history to back it up. But before we go on, I will wait to hear your explanation for how a President-elect could “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th.
Obama qualified when Vice President Cheney certified his Electoral College votes at the Joint Session of Congress held for that purpose on January 8, 2009. If Obama had failed to qualify, he would not have had a majority of the Electoral College votes but merely a plurality of those votes. Then Congress would have chosen the President from among the three top contenders. A presidential candidate can also fail to qualify by not being able to achieve a majority of votes from among the three candidates selected for the vote of the House Of Representatives with each state getting one vote per state plus the District of Columbia.
“It’s Official: Congress Certifies Obama’s Victory:”
http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/01/09/its_official_congress_certifies_obamas_victory/
The way to “qualify” is via receiving a majority of the votes of the Electoral College. This is spelled out in the Twelfth Amendment, Clauses 2 and 3: “The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted.
The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.
In 2009, there was no debate, Obama received 365 Electoral votes and McCain received 172. That was 68% of the Electoral College votes.
Joey, I didn’t ask how a CANDIDATE can “fail to qualify” because that’s not what the 20th Amendment says. It says that a PRESIDENT-ELECT can “fail to qualify”. That means they can still fail to qualify even AFTER they already have the electoral votes certified (which is when they become the President-elect). So clearly “qualifying” means something besides just having the electoral votes.
It also can’t be because they haven’t yet taken the oath of office because the oath of office has been taken AFTER January 20th multiple times, as the site I linked to mentioned, without meaning that a new, qualified president had to be chosen. They still became the president on Jan 20th at noon but until they met the other Constitutional requirements (one of which is the oath of office) they couldn’t assume the POWERS of the presidency.
The President-elect has until Jan 20th to “qualify”. If he hasn’t done it by then, it’s too late. He can’t assume the powers of the presidency even though he has the TITLE of president from noon on Jan 20th until a QUALIFIED president is chosen to replace him. The Vice President-Elect is to be given those powers in the interim, and Congress is authorized to decide how his replacement is to be chosen.
So how can a President-elect “fail to qualify” before Jan 20th?
You need to answer that question before we can go on.
Joey,
I’ve been wrestling with the Twentieth Amendment’s “if the President elect shall have failed to qualify” language. U.S. Const., amend. XX, Sec. 3. None of the sources to which I usually turn to enhance my understanding of the Constitution address that language (though I haven’t been able to find my copy of the Heritage Guide to the Constitution. I’ll look again in my office tomorrow). CRS’s The Constitution of the United States of America cites a Senate report that may explain that language. S. Rep. No. 26, 72d Cong., 1st Sess.(1932). I’ll see if I can track that down over the weekend.
Joey,
It looks like there are actually three relevant reports: H.R. Rep. No. 72-345 (1932),
S. Rep. No. 72-26 (1932), and H.R. Rep. No. 72-633 (1932). I gather that the third is the conference report. I’ll try to track down all three over the weekend.
Dwight, regarding the “even if” argument as a reason to deny discovery… in law, a person deals with the crime they are accused of. The de facto doctrine only comes into effect if a different crime is charged. It doesn’t enter the picture of whether a LAWFUL order was disobeyed. It only enters the picture if a DIFFERENT crime is charged: disobeying an UNLAWFUL order that has to be obeyed anyway.
Charges against a person have to be factually correct. You can’t say, “I charge you with murder, but even if it was an accidental shooting you’d still be guilty of having an unregistered gun. Since you’re guilty of SOMETHING either way, it really doesn’t matter whether it was murder or just an unregistered gun. You’re not allowed to have discovery to show that it was really a gun malfunction rather than murder, because you’re still guilty EVEN IF it was a gun malfunction.”
Know what I mean? Discovery is for the finding of facts, and the fact of whether it was a lawful order certainly should have a bearing on whether he is found guilty of WHAT HE IS CHARGED WITH. He can’t be tried for something besides what he’s charged with, and so he must be allowed discovery to defend himself against the charges actually made – without regard to other charges that could be made EVEN IF he’s found innocent of the actual charges against him. You can’t use potential other charges as a reason not to allow the person to defend himself against the current charge. He hasn’t been charged with violating the de facto officer doctrine. He’s been charged with disobeying a LAWFUL order. Any discovery that could show that it was not a lawful order should be allowed him – regardless of any other charges somebody might eventually make against him.
At least in the country I know and love.
My understanding is that the President-Elect “qualifies” by staying alive during the time between the certification of the Electoral College vote and taking the Oath of Office on Inauguration Day.
I did find some back up for my position:
Section 3.
If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.”
The Twentieth Amendment also sought to resolve some ambiguity in the Constitution regarding what to do in a hypothetical scenario in which the winner of a presidential election dies before his inauguration day, or in which no candidate wins the presidency prior to the beginning of the term. (No such scenario has ever occurred in real life, before or after the passage of the Twentieth Amendment.)
http://www.shmoop.com/constitution/20th-amendment.html
In any event, has any judicial or legislative body ever ruled that Barack Hussein Obama “failed to qualify?”
Did Vice President-Elect Biden ever assume the presidency until the president-elect “qualified?”
Has Barack Obama assumed the office and the powers of the presidency since noon on January 20, 2009?
Wasn’t Inauguration Day the “time fixed” for the beginning of Obama’s term and he didn’t he indeed assume the office?
It looks to me like your point is moot a year and a half into Obama’s term.
There are 3 distinct scenarios presented in the 20th Amendment (death, no pres–elect chosen, pres-elect fails to qualify) – all of which are actually included in both the original Constitution (Article II, Sec 1) and the 12th Amendment, where scenarios #2-3 are summarized as “inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office”.
Following the history, first there was Article II, Sec 1 (ratified in 1787), where it says (numbering is mine):
“In case of (#1) the removal of the President from office, or (#2) of his death, (#3)resignation, or (#4) inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability by both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as president and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.”
Then the 12th Amendment was ratified in 1804, saying (numbering is mine):
“And if (#1) the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the (#2) death or (#3) other constitutional disability of the President.”
Note there that 3 instances are listed as times the VP would take over the duties: Pres-elect not chosen on time, President dies, or President Constitutionally disabled (which would include impeachment or resignation for a President after assuming the presidency, and failure to qualify before assuming the presidency).
Then the 20th Amendment (ratified 1933) lists the same 3 instances, but with the “Constitutionally disabled” portion replaced with “President-elect having failed to qualify” since the Constitution elsewhere deals with impeachment and resignation, and this Amendment is only about the transfer from one presidency to another (numbering is mine):
” If, (#1) at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If #(2) a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if (#3) the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.”
The entire history provides for a President or President-elect being Constitutionally disabled from serving. The 20th Amendment specifically spells out that a President-elect can be Constitutionally disabled (forbidden) from serving if he fails to qualify by Jan 20th. It’s a distinct instance from if he dies or hasn’t yet been chosen. It’s disqualification after his election by the electoral votes has been certified. It is a CONSTITUTIONAL disqualification (that is, the Constitution itself disqualified the person).
Where is the only place in the Constitution where it disqualifies somebody from BECOMING President? Article II, Section 1 – in the paragraph immediately preceding my first citation about the “inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office”:
“No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.”
The 20th Amendment shows us that the eligibility requirement is still there and can still disqualify a President-elect, even AFTER he has been declared by Congress to be the winner of the electoral vote. Being certified by Congress is not enough. The President-elect also has to QUALIFY (meet the qualifications for eligibility) by January 20th.
The only difference the date could make to his qualification is if his residency requirement becomes fulfilled sometime between the election and January 20th. So the deadline for qualifying probably has more to do with him actually DOCUMENTING that he is qualified.
Which is problematic if, instead of documenting his qualification, he forges and posts a fake COLB online and fights 50+ court battles to keep the facts of birth claimed on his 2006-amended birth certificate (age, parents, and place of birth) from being legally determined.
Also, Joey, I’m not even going to address the arguments you’ve made until you explain how a President-elect could “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th, as the 20th Amendment describes. That issue is critical.
Dwight, thank you in advance for checking up on the background of the language used in the 20th Amendment. It was when I was trying to find that info on the net that I came across the site which differentiated between when a person becomes the president and when they receive the POWERS of the presidency. At this point I don’t have access to the documents you do, so I look forward to hearing the legislative background behind Congress proposing this amendment and what they said it meant.
Just one other note about the residency requirement being met between the election and January 20th. If Congress had certified eligibility when they certified the winner of the election they would know whether or not the residency requirement would be fulfilled by January 20th and would have refused to certify him as eligible.
So if that is the way that a President-elect could “fail to qualify”, then it means that someone certified by Congress could still be unqualified. This flies in the face of the argument that certification by Congress meets all the Constitutional requirements before a President-elect can assume the powers of the office.
Note also that the site I mentioned, which had the quote from an early SCOTUS justice (sorry, can’t remember which one), clarified that the oath of office has no bearing on whether a person is the president. The oath is significant because the president can’t assume the POWERS of the presidency until the oath is taken. The 20th Amendment says he also can’t assume the powers of the presidency if he fails to qualify by Jan 20th.
BD:
Back in your post #61 you stated that your father’s “teacher told the whole school how thankful they should be that no matter how crazy (or uncrazy) our president might be, he could never invade another country without the Senate first deciding by 2/3 majority to issue a Declaration of War. Our Constitution says so.”
Article 1, §8 of the Constitution say that “The Congress [meaning the House and the Senate] shall have Power . . . To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Caputres on Land and Water[.]” Because no supermajority requirement is stated, the declaration of war can pass by a simple majority vote in both houses of Congress. You apparently have confused the war-making power with the treaty-making power (Article 2, §2), which states that the President “shall have the Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur[.]“
Barack Obama “qualified” under every scenario that Butterdezillion presents above and he took the oath of office on Inauguration Day. He has been the duly elected, qualified and sworn in president for a year and a half now. What Butterdzillion calls a “residency requirement” was confirmed by the state of Hawaii on October 31, 2008 which was a long time before the certification of Obama’s electoral votes. Lawsuits challenging his eligibility had been filed for a year before the certification of his Electoral votes and still no member of the House and no member of the Senate challenged his eligibility in writing at the Joint Session of Congress.
A non-binding resolution containing the words “Hawaii, the birthplace of the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama,” passed the House of Representatives on a vote of 393-0. 70 lawsuits have been adjudicated challenging Obama’s eligibility and Obama has won all 70 of them. No plaintiff has prevailed in any of them.
Obama did not die, no judicial or legislative body ruled that he was unqualified, his Vice President-elect did not take over, there was not a contingent election in the House of Representatives with each state having one vote.
A president-elect failing to qualify by Inauguration Day would be similar to a situation like Andrew Jackson confronted in 1824. Jackson had received 41% of the popular vote to 31% for John Quincy Adams, 13% for Henry Clay and 11% for William Crawford.
The Electoral College vote was 99 for Jackson, 84 for J.Q. Adams, 41 for Crawford and 37 for Clay. No candidate QUALIFIED as president-elect because no candidate had a majority of the electoral votes. 131 Electoral votes were required to win a majority. The election was thrown into the House of Representatives for a contingent election which to this day continues to be known as “The Corrupt Bargain.”
At that time Inauguration Day was March 4th so some of the provisions of the 12th Amendment did not come to bear. Only the top three candidates were on the ballot in the House of Representatives and Henry Clay, who hated Andrew Jackson with a passion threw his electoral college votes to John Quincy Adams and on February 9, 1825, Adams was elected President. Adams received the votes of 13 states, Jsckson won the support of 7 states and Crawford won the support of 4 states. If there had been a deadlock with Adams receiving 11 states, 11 states for Jackson and 2 states for Crawford, for example, a president-elect would have failed to qualify and that deadlock could have extended in the House beyond Inauguration Day when the time fixed for the beginning of his term.
That is why the 20th Amendment shortened the “lame duck” period for the outgoing president and REALLY shortened the period of time between certification of the Electoral College vote by a joint session of Congress and Inauguration Day.
If, at some date after Inauguration Day, a president was determined to not have qualified for the office for any reason, the way to resolve that issue is via Article Two of the United States Constitution (Section 4) . “The President, Vice President, and all other civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors.” The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate.
Under the legal doctrine of “de facto officer” even a president who is later found to not have originally qualified for the office is still the president until removed from office.
“The de facto officer doctrine confers validity upon acts performed by a person acting under the color of official title even though it is later discovered that the legality of that person’s appointment or election to office is deficient. Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 440 (1886). “The de facto doctrine springs from the fear of the chaos that would result from multiple and repetitious suits challenging every action taken by every official whose claim to office could be open to question, and seeks to protect the public by insuring the orderly functioning of the government despite technical defects in title to office.” 63A Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees § 578, pp. 1080-1081 (1984).
So, the bottom line for me is that if at some future point in time there is legitimate and documented proof of Obama not being qualified, the House can impeach him and if 67 Senators agree after a trial in the Senate, he can be removed from office.
1% Silver Nitrate, thanks for the correction. I just quoted what my dad said. His teacher must have had it wrong.
When was the last time the US actually made a declaration of war? Seems like a simple majority of the Senate should be able to come up with a declaration of war if there’s serious reason to engage in combat.
Joey, you seem to be claiming that a President-elect could “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th if nobody was certified as the winner of the election because there was a split vote resulting in no majority winner. But that is already addressed in a different scenario in the 20th Amendment, AND a person would not be called the President-elect until they already WERE certified as the winner.
So that scenario doesn’t work as an explanation for what is meant by the “having failed to qualify” phrase in the 20th Amendment.
Again, I won’t address your other arguments until there is an explanation for how a President-elect coulf “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th.
I will address one of your points briefly though, just to say that Congress cannot legally pass even a non-binding resolution saying that Obama was born in Hawaii on Aug 4, 1961 unless they can also pass a resolution saying Santa Claus was born in Hawaii on Aug 4 – because they have the same amount of legal documentation.
The legal documentation that the Congress has is the public statements of officials of the Hawaii Department of Health. None of those statements has ever been invalidated in a Court of Law. Therefore they stand as authentification until proven otherwise.
A President-Elect could not have qualified either by dying before Inauguration Day or by winning the popular vote but having his or her electoral votes challenged and not certified and that challenge and lack of certification not being resolved in Congress by Inauguration Day.
The House of Representatives already passed a non-binding resolution and that non-binding resolution was entered into the Congressional Record on July 27, 2009. The whole point of the resolution was Representative Neil Abercrombie of Hawaii’s way of forcing Republicans to take a stand on Obama’s birthplace.
As I’m sure that you are aware, the Senate also had passed a non-binding resolution declaring John McCain to be a natural born citizen despite his birth in Panama to two American citizen parents.
I’m interested in your opinion on what legal steps do you think can be taken to remove a president who hasn’t qualified from office. After Inauguration Day is there another alternative other than impeachment, trial and conviction in the Senate?
Joey,
Your question to B.D. implicates something I’ve been thinking about. Let’s say that a hypothetical President takes office with everyone believing that she’s 35 but it turns out she’s actually 34. Then let’s say that her true age is discovered only after she’s inaugurated. Is that a situation where, under Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, the VEEP and a majority of the Article II principal officers declare that “the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office”? I would think so. If so, then there’s another constitutionally established means to remove an ineligible president upon discovery of ineligibility, which further supports the proposition that the judiciary has no authority to remove an ineligible president.
Hey there DS. Thanks for all your input here.
In my humble opinion under de facto officer, whoever’s Electoral College votes are certified by Congress with the outgoing Vice President presiding and whoever is sworn in on Inauguration Day IS the duly elected President of the United States n0 matter what. If it is later discovered that they weren’t old enough or that they were really born in Latvia, the way to correct that situation is by impeachment by the House, trial by the Senate and conviction on a vote of 67 Senators.
The Constitution does not give the Judiciary the power to remove a sitting president whether that person has qualified for the office or not. The Judiciary can however provide the evidence that Congress needs to impeach and remove that person for high crimes and misdemeanors.
That’s my story and I’m sticking to it!
FYI: I found a fascinating discussion of relevant issues to this thread in an article published in the Michigan Law Review: “The Justiciability of Eligibility: May Courts Decide Who Can Be President.” by Daniel P. Tokaji
I will post the article’s conclusion here and provide a link to the entirety of the article.
Conclusion
The current federal lawsuits challenging the presidential candidates’ eligibility to serve as president are not justiciable, and it is questionable whether any justiciable case could be brought in federal courts as an initial matter. Fortunately, there are alternative means to adjudicate this matter that are consistent with the U.S. Constitution. The most promising is a pre-election state-court lawsuit seeking to keep an allegedly unqualified candidate off the ballot. In the event that a renegade state court rejects a candidate who is, in fact, eligible or that two or more state courts reach conflicting conclusions on a candidate’s eligibility, U.S. Supreme Court review should be available as a backstop. This avenue seems less fraught with peril than congressional resolution of the matter, given Congress’ dubious legal authority to not count electoral votes of a candidate it believes ineligible. Those who seek to challenge a presidential candidate’s eligibility would thus be well-advised to dust off their state election codes and head to state court.
Oops, I forgot to add the link:
http://www.michiganlawreview.org/articles/the-justiciability-of-eligibility-may-courts-decide-who-can-be-president
Joey,
As I recall, there’s also an interesting 20th Amendment law review article discussing the time that the President takes the oath of office and arguing, if I remember correctly, that Al Gore possessed the powers of the presidency for about 5 minutes during the 1997 inauguration. I’ll try to find a link.
Why can’t I post?
Found it!
Scott E. Gant & Bruce G. Peabody, Musings on a Constitutional Mystery: Missing Presidents and “Headless Monsters”?, 14 Constitutional Commentary 83 (1997). Here’s a link:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3086/is_n1_14/ai_n28685579/?tag=content;col1
Okay. We’ll see if this lets me post.
Joey, the 20th Amendment gives 3 scenarios: 1) Pres-elect dies before term starts (which you mentioned), 2) Pres-elect isn’t chosen before term starts (which you mentioned), and 3) Pres-elect fails to qualify before term starts.
I asked you about #3 and you said #1 & #2 is how #3 could happen. #3 is a separate item. It is different than what was already said in #1 and #2.
“Failing to qualify” is another item on the list. It is different than the other 2 already listed. What does “fail to qualify” mean that is different from #1 or #2? How could a living President-elect (already certified by Congress as the winner of the election) fail to qualify before Jan 20th?
Joey,
Yes, very interesting and fascinating. And a bottom line conclusion being that the matter is OBE for the current president?
If a president tries to do an act that the Constitution forbids, who is responsible to decide that it is unconstitutional? Can Congress ever rightfully have that job? Whose job is it to decide how the Constitution applies to a particular situation?
Because if the president-elect fails to qualify, the Constitution (20th Amendment) forbids him from exercising the powers of the presidency. If he would try to act as president, someone would have to decide how the 20th Amendment applies to the sitution. Who has that job?
Joey, the link you provided has an interesting analysis. From that article:
>>>>>>>>>
“The Twentieth Amendment adds to the confusion. It provides that “if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified.” Unfortunately, it does not explicitly say who is to make the determination whether a president elect has “failed to qualify,” and there is little scholarship on the subject. Vasan Kesavan’s article Is the Electoral Count Act Unconstitutional? argues that the Constitution’s structure “suggests that neither the President nor Congress makes these determinations.” It is anyone’s guess, however, whether the Supreme Court would agree or whether it would deem this a nonjusticiable political question
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
If Vasan Kesavan is correct and neither the President nor Congress can make the determination on whether the President-elect has “failed to qualify”, then who is left? The author of this article implies that SCOTUS is who can make that determination – but he questions whether SCOTUS would agree to do it because they might consider the job assigned to some other branch or department.
But nobody else IS granted that power by the Constitution for presidential elections – in contrast with Congressional elections, where Congress is given the power to determine eligibility of potential Congress-critters. The fact that the power to determine eligibility is singled out for Congressional elections suggests to me that Congress was never intended to be able to decide whether the eligibility requirements are met for the president – probably because it involves interpretation of the Constitution itself as well as finding of facts. If Congress was allowed to make its own interpretation of the Constitution it would violate 1) the separation of powers and 2) the checks and balances. Those 2 safeguards are to keep the meaning of the Constitution from being POLITICAL. IOW, the Constitution is just as concerned with Congress politicizing the Constitution as with SCOTUS inserting itself into the politics of another branch. The Constitution must never be ultimately interpreted by politicians.
But the Constitution DOES expressly give SCOTUS the responsibility of deciding any cases that arise as a result of the Constitution or laws – with original jurisdiction in some cases and with appellate jurisdiction in others. Where the US is a party to the controversy or where ambassadors or ministers are involved, SCOTUS has original jurisdiction both as to fact and law. So they would have authority to find the facts of the case and to rule on how the law and/or Constitution is to be interpreted in light of the facts they uncovered.
Suppose that somebody sued the US government for enforcing an executive order (or military order) issued by a president who was forbidden by the 20th Amendment to have the presidential powers because he failed to qualify before Jan 20, 2009. SCOTUS would have original jurisdiction because the US is a party to the controversy. Because the US is a party to the issue it cannot fall to the state courts to decide. Because it is a Constitutional issue Congress can’t decide it. It would thus not qualify as a political issue. I don’t see what excuse SCOTUS could give for refusing to hear the case. Once they accepted the case they would have jurisdiction to find the facts of the case and to apply the Constitution to that particular instance.
That is what needs to happen.
I would think Lt Col Lakin would have standing to do precisely that.
If the Electoral Count Act gives Congress the job of determining whether the president-elect has “failed to qualify” I do strongly question its Constitutionality.
But somebody would certainly be able to bring a suit against Congress because they failed to honor Hawaii’s law regarding how the probative value of an amended BC is to be determined, violating the “Full Faith” clause in Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution. According to HRS 338-17, the facts of Obama’s birth cannot be legally determined without the BC itself being presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body. Because Congress did not follow that proper procedure in order to find the facts pertinent to Obama’s eligibility, they violated the Constitution and could be sued for doing so.
This would also be a case where SCOTUS would have original jurisdiction because the US is a party to the controversy and the issue involves the Constitution.
Again, I would think Lt Col Lakin would have standing to sue in this way.
But Joey, don’t forget that I am still waiting for you to explain how a President-elect could “fail to qualify” before Jan 20th. The article you linked to (and thanks for that link, BTW) seems to treat it as exactly the issue we’re dealing with on Obama – the issue of whether he has been determined to be the right age, be a natural born US citizen, and been a resident the required amount of time. The question about the 20th Amendment that the author has is who is authorized by the Constitution to determine that.
Article III of the Constitution provides, in relevant part, “In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.” Note that butterdezillion misreads Article III as giving the Supremes original jurisdiction where the United States is a party rather than where a state is a party. Her construction is obviously not only contrary to the words of the Constitution itself, but also the practice of trying federal criminal cases in U.S. District Court — since the United States is a party in every such case. Such cases instead are “other Cases” in which the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction.
The provision of Article III that discusses the United States as a party simply brings such cases within the ambit of the “judicial Power” of the federal government.
Once again, we have a birther claiming special expertise about the natural born citizen clause who is fundamentally mistaken about a major provision of the United States Constitution.
Thank you for the correction, Dwight. The cases I mentioned would have to go through the lower courts before reaching SCOTUS then.
I welcome correction. That’s why I ask questions. I appreciate it when my questions are answered. That’s what conversation is, and that’s how we keep each other accountable.
That’s why I’m still waiting for an explanation of how a President-elect can “fail to qualify” before Jan 20th. Until we’re accurate in our understanding of that, our other conclusions will be flawed.
Two congressional reports found that the President-elect is the eventual winner of the majority of electoral ballots cast in December. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress, in its 2004 report “Presidential and Vice Presidential Succession: Overview and Current Legislation,” discussed the question of when candidates who have received a majority of electoral votes become President-elect. The report notes that the constitutional status of the President-elect is disputed:
“Some commentators doubt whether an official President- and Vice President-elect exist prior to the electoral votes being counted and announced by Congress on January 6, maintaining that this is a problematic contingency lacking clear constitutional or statutory direction. Others assert that once a majority of electoral votes has been cast for one ticket, then the recipients of these votes become the President- and Vice President-elect, notwithstanding the fact that the votes are not counted and certified until the following January 6.”
The CRS report quotes the 1933 U.S. House committee report accompanying the Twentieth Amendment as endorsing the latter view:
It will be noted that the committee uses the term “President elect” in its generally accepted sense, as meaning the person who has received the majority of electoral votes, or the person who has been chosen by the House of Representatives in the event that the election is thrown into the House. It is immaterial whether or not the votes have been counted, for the person becomes the President elect as soon as the votes are cast.
Both reports make clear that becoming President-elect is contingent upon winning the majority of electoral votes.
On the basis of the above, I believe that “failed to qualify” means receiving a majority of the electoral votes in December (and becoming President-Elect) but NOT having those Electoral Votes counted and certified in January before Inauguration Day.
Whoever is sworn in on Inauguration Day has qualified if that person won a majority of the Electoral College votes and if that person had their Electoral College votes certified in the Joint Session of Congress that was held for that express purpose.
One thing is certain, Barack Obama stopped being President-Elect a little bit after Noon on January 20, 2009. Obama qualified for the position of President-Elect by winnning 69.4 million popular votes, 365 Electoral votes and having his Electoral College votes certified without objection by Vice President Cheney at a Joint Session of Congress.
Joey, that still counts as scenario #2. Why say the President-elect “fails to qualify” (meaning hasn’t been chosen yet) when you’ve already listed the scenario that the President-elect hasn’t been chosen on time?
This is the 2nd time you’ve used Scenario #1 or #2 as the explanation for #3. That doesn’t work. Whether you call the person the President-elect or not, the fact is they have to “qualify” before assuming the presidential powers – and qualifying is something other than being chosen/declared the winner by Congress OR staying alive until Jan 20.
What does it mean to “qualify” – as distinct from scenarios #1 and #2?
Joey, that still counts as scenario #2. Why say the President-elect “fails to qualify” (meaning hasn’t been chosen yet) when you’ve already listed the scenario that the President-elect hasn’t been chosen on time?
This is the 2nd time you’ve used Scenario #1 or #2 as the explanation for #3. That doesn’t work. Whether you call the person the President-elect or not, the fact is they have to “qualify” before assuming the presidential powers – and qualifying is something other than being chosen/declared the winner by Congress OR staying alive until Jan 20.
What does it mean to “qualify” – as distinct from scenarios #1 and #2?
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One more time: The President-Elect is whoever got a majority of the Electoral College votes in December at the actual vote of the Electoral College. Some believe that the term “president-elect” can be used for whoever won the popular vote on Election Day.
“Failed to qualify:” Congress did not certify those Electoral College votes before January 20th, most likely due to a challenge to the certification or for any other reason. A realistic scenario is that there is a challenge to the certification of one state’s or more states’ electors that ends up in court and is not resolved before Inauguration Day. Without counting those challenged electors’ votes, the President-Elect could fail to qualify and under the 20th Amendment, the Vice President-Elect acts as president until the court issue is resolved and the President-Elect either qualifies or is disqualified. If the Vice-President-Elect and the President-Elect don’t qualify, Congress gets to select who is President.
In the specific instance of Obama, there were several challenges to his electors on the grounds (such as the Ankeny lawsuit in Indiana) that he was an illegal candidate due to not being a natural born citizen. If the courts had ruled in favor of plaintiffs or issued Temporary Restraining Orders (which were requested in several other lawsuits but denied), we could have had a situation where Obama was President-Elect (on November 4th or on December 15th when the Electoral College voted) but he might not have qualified due to issues being tied up in the Courts on Inauguration Day.
Obama would have been a President-Elect who failed to qualify.
Another “failed to qualify” scenario is the resignation of the President-Elect before Inauguration Day.
Joey, you’re still using Scenario #2 to try to explain Scenario #3. Scenario #2 includes ANY REASON that a President-elect would not have been chosen by Jan 20th.
You are correct that if court cases were still pending as of Jan 20th then the winner of the election should not be certified by Jan 20th and the 20th Amendment provision of the VP-elect assuming presidential duties and powers until there is a qualifying President should kick in. (Never mind that court cases WERE still pending on Jan 20, 2009…. and yet Congress still certified the winner. In 2000 SCOTUS realized the importance of timeliness and decided Bush v Gore before there was a Constitutional crisis. They didn’t have the guts to do that in 2008, which puts us in the mess we’re in right now.)
BUT that would still be Scenario #2. Scenario #3 is something different from that, or else why include it as a different instance?
Without using either #1 or #2 as a duplicate of #3, how would a President-elect “fail to qualify” by January 20th?
Also, could Joe Biden have been the VP-elect if Obama was not the Pres-elect? If there were lawsuits pending over whether Obama/Biden actually won the election, then how could Biden “qualify” if Obama didn’t? As far as the electoral votes go, the fate of the 2 are inseparable because they are one ticket. We made a vote for one ticket – either Obama/Biden or McCain/Palin (or other Pres/VP tickets). It had been that way for almost 100 years (since 1840) when the 20th Amendment was ratified in 1933.
And yet the 20th Amendment has a different procedure altogether for if they BOTH “fail to qualify”. Sure seems like “qualifying” is something that one person on the ticket might do even if the other doesn’t – which wouldn’t be the case if “qualifying” was about the electoral vote, certification, or a contested electoral certification.
So the question still stands: How could a President-elect “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th?
Particularly, how could a President elect “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th even though the Vice President elect qualified by Jan 20th?
A President-elect could not resign an office he doesn’t hold. He’d have to wait until he was president and then resign.
If a president tries to do an act that the Constitution forbids, who is responsible to decide that it is unconstitutional? Can Congress ever rightfully have that job? Whose job is it to decide how the Constitution applies to a particular situation?
Because if the president-elect fails to qualify, the Constitution (20th Amendment) forbids him from exercising the powers of the presidency. If he would try to act as president, someone would have to decide how the 20th Amendment applies to the sitution. Who has that job?
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If a president tries to do an act that the Constitution forbids, who is responsible to decide that it is unconstitutional? Can Congress ever rightfully have that job? Whose job is it to decide how the Constitution applies to a particular situation?
Because if the president-elect fails to qualify, the Constitution (20th Amendment) forbids him from exercising the powers of the presidency. If he would try to act as president, someone would have to decide how the 20th Amendment applies to the sitution. Who has that job?
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Its called “checks and balances”. Congress can defund and write new laws to counter unconstitutional acts of presidents and actions of the president can be litigated and reversed by the Supreme Court. Presidents can also be impeached and removed from office for committing unconstitutional acts.
If a president-elect fails to qualify, they can’t become president. If a person becomes president, then they obviously qualified. It looks to me as if four events can take place to signal the disqualification of a president-elect: (1) The Vice President-Elect becomes the President; (2) Congress appoints an Acting President because neither the President-Elect nor the Vice President-Elect qualify; (3) There is no Oath of Office taken by the President-Elect at Noon on January 20th; (4) There is no certification of the President-Elect’s Electoral Votes at a Joint Session of Congress.
How can SCOTUS reverse an unconstitutional action of a president? Who brings the suit?
Not gonna bite on any other issue regarding “qualifying” until I get an answer as to how a President-elect could “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th when the VP-elect qualifies by Jan 20th. What is the 20th Amendment talking about?
It was apparently assumed that it would be more likely for just the Pres-elect to fail to qualify than for both Pres and VP elect to fail to qualify, because the 20th Amendment had the response all thought-out for the first instance but only provided that Congress could figure out what to do for the second.
Anybody with standing can challenge a president’s action as unconstitutional. For example a group of six US Senators challenged Bill Clinton’s first use of the line-item veto. Senator Robert Byrd led the group of six senators and a federal judge agreed that the line item veto was unconstitutional. The Clinton administration’s appeal of that decision went to the Supreme Court and the Court upheld the lower court’s ruling. The Line Item veto was unconstitutional. That law could not be struck down until Clinton actually used it.
The 20th Amendment looks at both the President-Elect and the Vice President-Elect not qualifying by Election Day. Section 3 states: “…and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.”
The 20th Amendment looks at both Pres and VP elect failing to qualify as a less likely scenario. The primary scenario is that the Pres elect fails to qualify but the VP elect qualifies and so is given the presidential powers. How would that happen?
Thanks for the response, Joey. So any Congressman or Senator could file a suit against Obama, saying that his use of the presidential powers is unconstitutional – as long as their work was somehow hindered by the illegal actions of a president who cannot have the presidential powers?
Did the filing Senators all have to vote for the measure that was vetoed?
What if Senators filed suit against Obama for nominating a SCOTUS justice when the president is forbidden by the 20th Amendment to have the presidential powers? Would the Senators have standing? Would they have standing as soon as the justice was nominated?
butterdezillion once again makes a mistake concerning the Constitution. The Twelfth Amendment was ratified in 1804, not 1840. And that wasn’t a typo by butterdezillion. BD wrote: ” It had been that way for almost 100 years (since 1840) when the 20th Amendment was ratified in 1933.” If the “1840″ were merely a typo, then the rest of the sentence would have referred to more than 100 years.
The Twelfth Amendment came about due to what occurred in 1800 when Thomas Jefferson and the dispicable Aaron Burr ran together on a ticket and received the same number of electoral college votes. Is butterdezillon not familiar with that history?
Regarding the Twentieth Amendment, let me begin with the obvious: it has nothing to do with LTC Lakin. No matter how the Twentieth Amendment is interpreted, it does not provide LTC Lakin with any defense to the violation of lawful orders, dereliction of duty, and missing movement charges that he faces.
That said, I hope our gracious host, Phil “My Liege” Cave, will permit me to share my research concerning the Twentieth Amendment. I spent yesterday afternoon looking at the Amendment’s congressional history. (I didn’t look at the history of any state’s ratification process.)
While similar Amendments had been introduced in Congress a number of times before, the version of what would go on to be ratified as the Twentieth Amendment was proposed by Congress during the 1st Session of the 72d Congress in 1932, when Democrats controlled the House and Republicans controlled the Senate.
The “if the President-elect shall have failed to qualify” language was inserted into the proposed Amendment by the House Committee on Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives in Congress. This language was part of a larger amendment to the Senate-passed proposed constitutional amendment (Senate Joint Resolution 14), The House committee’s amendment was designed to avoid the interregnum problem. The House Committee basically attempted to cover any reason why there might be a vacancy in the Office of the President and provide an answer to the question of who would exercise the powers of the presidency under that contingency. The House also sought to make clear that in relevant cases, the Vice President wouldn’t become President, but would rather exercise the powers of the presidency until the President-elect was able to fill the office. Finally, the House also wanted to clear up an ambiguity in the Twelfth Amendment by specifying that the Vice President-elect, rather than the Vice President from the previous administration, would be the one to exercise the powers of the presidency.
Because the amendment to the proposed Amendment was designed to avoid the possibility of an interregnum, it addressed a number of scenarios. Here’s one identified by the House Committee Report, which casts some light on the “failed to qualify” language: “Congress is given power to provide for the case where neither a President nor a Vice President has qualified before the time fixed for the beginning of the term, whether the failure of both to qualify is occasioned by the death of both, by the failure of the House to choose a President, if the right of choice devolves upon them, and or by any other cause–these contingencies are not covered by any provisions in the Constitution.” H.R. Rep. No. 345 at 2 (1932).
When the proposed Amendment (as amended) was on the House floor, Congressman Joseph L. Cable (R-Ohio), argued:
The framers of our Constitution and the Congress that wrote the twelfth amendment left defects or inadequate machinery for the selection of the President. Let me call attention to this fact: If a President elect should die, if he should become disqualified, and likewise the Vice President, the United States of America would be without a President and Vice President. . . .
But if the President elect and the Vice President elect should both die or become disabled or found disqualified before March 4 our country would be without a President. Dire results would follow. [end quote] 75 Cong. Rec. 3831 (1932).
The House passed the proposed Amendment as amended. When it went back to the Senate, the Senate called for a conference committee. (The main point of contention between the Senate and the House appeared to be whether to limit the time that the States had to ratify the proposed Amendment.) When the Amendment was reported out by the Conference Committee, the House Managers attached a statement that included the following:
Under the corresponding provision of the House amendment (the first clause of the second sentence of section 3) the Vice President elect acts as President not only when the House has failed to choose a President before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, but also in any case where, at that time, the President has failed to qualify for any reason.” H.R. Rep. No. 633 at 3 (1932).
Again, keep in mind that Congress’s key motivation in proposing what would become Section 3 of the Twentieth Amendment was to provide an answer to the question “who acts as President” in any scenario in which the question might arise. Based on all of that, if you could go back in time and ask a member of the 72d Congress whether he or she thought that Section 3 of the Twentieth Amendment would apply in a case where the President-elect was only 33 years old, I think the answer would be yes. I think in that scenario, the framers of the Twentieth Amendment would envision that, assuming the Vice President was constitutionally eligible to serve as President, the Vice President-elect would serve as acting President until the President-elect turned 35. I think that Member of Congress would give a similar answer if the President-elect was a natural born citizen, was older than 35, but didn’t yet meet the 14 years’ residency requirement.
If you asked that Member of Congress what would happen if the President-elect were a 1930s version of Arnold Schwarzenegger — a non-native born citizen — I think that Member of Congress would say that the Vice President-elect would serve as acting President for the President-elect’s entire term.
But if you asked that Member of Congress whether the Twentieth Amendment was designed to require a President-elect to go through any particular process to demonstrate that he was at least 35, had lived in the United States for 14 years, and was a natural born citizen, I think that Member of Congress would look at you funny and say, “Of course not.” And if you asked that Member of Congress whether the Twentieth Amendment gave a court the power to rule, after the President-elect had been sworn is as President, that the President-elect isn’t empowered to execute the authority of the Presidency until the President proves to the court that he’s at least 35 years old, has lived in the U.S. for 14 years, and is a natural born citizen, that Member of Congress would probably wonder about both your literacy and/or your sanity before saying no and quickly ending the conversation.
There is absolutely nothing in the Twentieth Amendment’s legislative history to suggest that its framers intended to establish any qualification procedure that a President-elect must satisfy before becoming President. And there is certainly nothing to suggest that the Amendment’s framers intended Section 3 to have any effect after the inauguration.
For anyone who wants to argue to the contrary, here’s my challenge to you. The Twentieth Amendment took effect on October 15, 1933. Please show me what qualification procedures were imposed before President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s second inauguration in 1937. Certainly the Members of the House and Senate who proposed and voted on the Twentieth Amendment would have been familiar with what that Amendment required. In fact, the man who was sworn in as Vice President (for a second time) on January 20, 1937 was the Speaker of the House of Representatives when the Twentieth Amendment was proposed. Did anyone require that some New York official and some Texas official present vault copies of birth certificates for FDR and John Nance Garner before the 1937 inauguration? If not, how could any comparable requirement exist in 2009?
Sorry, that should have read “despicable Aaron Burr.”
Final thought for the morning: according to butterdezillion, Nancy Pelosi is the acting President.
butterdezillion argues — with no apparent supporting authority — that the framers of teh Twentieth Amendment unwittingly enacted a procedural requirement for a President-elect qualification process that no one realized until 2009. Because President Obama didn’t go through this previously unknown qualification process, she argues that he can’t exercise the powers of the presidency, despite his inauguration. But if there was such a requirement for the President-elect, there was also such a requirement for the Vice President-elect. And, of course, Vice President Biden didn’t go through that procedure either, since no one thought he had to. So, under BD’s theory, there was a failure to qualify by both the President and the Vice President. The Twentieth Amendment provides that Congress can by law providewwho will act as President when neither aPresident-elect nor a Vice President-elect has qualified. Congress has passed such a statute. 3 U.S.C. 19. And under that statute, if neither President Obama nor Vice President Biden qualified for office, the Speaker of the House would act as President.
So if butterdezillion is right in her interpretation of the Twentieth Amendment (she isn’t), then Nancy Pelosi would act as President until either President Obama or Vice President Biden demonstrated (to whom I’m not sure) that he is constitutionally eligible to serve as President.
Dwight, I looked to see who the presidential and VP candidates were, and 1840 was the last time that a convention did not nominate a ticket of both Pres and VP. The VP ran separately, as near as I can tell.
Right now I’ve got about a dozen irons in the fire and my computer is freezing every time I breathe. It doesn’t surprise me a bit; the same thing happens to anybody who agrees to help me, within an hour of when they agree via private communications. Funny how that happens.
Did anybody ever say how they feel about Quantico and Centcom continuously showing up on the hacker lists of The Post & Email? Doesn’t seem like the apolitical US military should be hacking news websites, does it?
In any event, when the 20th Amendment was passed the electoral fate of the Pres elect and VP elect were tied together, so anything that you guys have mentioned as ways for a Pres elect to “fail to qualify” would equally affect the Vice-Pres elect. But the 20th Amendment considers that only a less likely possibility.
Butterdezillion writes: “Thanks for the response, Joey. So any Congressman or Senator could file a suit against Obama, saying that his use of the presidential powers is unconstitutional – as long as their work was somehow hindered by the illegal actions of a president who cannot have the presidential powers?
Did the filing Senators all have to vote for the measure that was vetoed?
What if Senators filed suit against Obama for nominating a SCOTUS justice when the president is forbidden by the 20th Amendment to have the presidential powers? Would the Senators have standing? Would they have standing as soon as the justice was nominated?”
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Yes, any member of Congress can file suit against AN ACTION of the president that utilizes presidential power. The president him or herself cannot be sued for acting in their official capacity.
For example, relevant to this website and this thread, any member of Congress could sue Obama for illegally ordering an increase in US forces to Afghanistan including sending LtC Lakin there. However, since Congress implicitly authorizes the actions of the president through legislation and appropriations, it is hard to make the case that Obama is illegally exercising presidential power. Obama won the p0pular vote, won the Electoral College vote, had his electoral votes certified without objection and was sworn in. He is the president.
The primary tool of Congress to block unconstitutional acts by a president is impeachment.
Congressional lawsuits against the executive branch utilize members of Congress who voted against that particular measure but there is nothing in the law requiring that to be the case. The first question a judge is likely to ask a plaintiff is “why are you suing when you voted in favor of…?”
Thank you for that background, Dwight. One of the quotes you gave which seems to summarize the issues they wanted resolved was this one:
“The framers of our Constitution and the Congress that wrote the twelfth amendment left defects or inadequate machinery for the selection of the President. Let me call attention to this fact: If a President elect should die, if he should become disqualified, and likewise the Vice President, the United States of America would be without a President and Vice President. . . .
But if the President elect and the Vice President elect should both die or become disabled or found disqualified before March 4 our country would be without a President. Dire results would follow. [end quote] 75 Cong. Rec. 3831 (1932).”
Die. Become disabled. Found disqualified. They would need somebody to act as president because if any of those happened to the President elect before the new term started the nation would be without a President.
So my question remains. How would a President elect be disabled or disqualified before Jan 20th when the Vice-president elect wasn’t?
I’m not saying that the 20th Amendment defines any procedures. I’m just saying what seems obvious – that according to the 20th Amendment a President-elect who fails to qualify before Jan 20th is not allowed by this Constitution to have the presidential powers.
So the question we’re trying to figure out is how a President elect might fail to qualify before Jan 20th – especially if the Vice-president elect at the same time DID qualify.
If a president was impeached and convicted and shortly afterwards issued military orders, who would have the right to contest the Constitutionality of his orders since he was not Constitutionally authorized to have those presidential powers at that time (even though he was elected, inaugurated, etc but could not have the powers on OTHER Constitutional grounds, e.g. that he was Constitutionally disqualified)? On what grounds could they sue, who would they sue, and in what court would they file suit?
I’ll concede that my post was overly long, so there’s no reason anyone should have read every word. But I did discuss ways in which a President-elect could fail to qualify without the Vice President-elect failing to qualify. Those ways would include the President-elect being younger than 35 on the inauguration day, the President-elect not having resided in the United States for 14 years by the inauguration day, or the President-elect not being a natural born citizen. The way in which the Twentieth Amendment is written, as well as its legislative history, suggests that the House Committee had at least the first two of those possibilities in mind when it drafted what would become Section 3 of the Twentieth Amendment.
But what Congress didn’t appear to contemplate is that the Twentieth Amendment would have any effect after the inauguration. Like every President elected before him, President Obama wasn’t found to be disqualified before the inauguration. Therefore none of the various provisions of Section 3 of the Twentieth Amendment was triggered.
Dwight, if Joe Biden’s birth facts are officially legally undetermined then I would agree with what you said (except that I never said there was a PROCEDURE for certifying a Pres or VP elect qualifying).
Seems to me the problem is that there is NOT a procedure. Seems to me that since the 20th Amendment doesn’t define a procedure and doesn’t authorize anybody to enact laws regarding the procedure, that the 20th Amendment leaves it to SCOTUS – that if there was a question of whether the Pres elect or VP elect had failed to qualify, SCOTUS would have to interpret and enforce the 20th Amendment’s provisions – since they are the ones authorized to resolve issues that arise from the Constitution or the laws, both in questions of law (interpretation of laws/Constitution) and fact (finding the facts of a particular case).
Both of which (interpretation of law and finding of facts) are essential to determining Constititutional eligibility and NEITHER of which are Congress authorized to do. Nathan Deal has asked to see Obama’s birth certificate. Without Obama’s permission he cannot find facts. Nobody in Congress was authorized to see Obama’s documents, nor are they authorized to decide the meaning of the Constitution, so how could they ever determine presidential eligibility?
The fact of the matter is that according to US law, Obama is not even supposed to be able to receive a paycheck – even as US Senator – without showing very specific documentation of his citizenship. With his amended BC he could not even prove that he is a US citizen, as required to be a US Senator. The only way he’s gotten around that is because THE LAW HAS NOT BEEN FOLLOWED.
Joey presented the idea that if the electoral vote was tangled up in lawsuits the President elect could have “failed to qualify” because there was uncertainty about the legality of the electoral vote. We STILL have lawsuits regarding Obama’s eligibility and the legality of the electoral vote, so in that sense Joe Biden would still be potentially disqualified as well.
I’ve never said that because I don’t think that Congress can decide whether Pres and VP candidates are Constitutionally qualified because we don’t have a clear SCOTUS ruling on the meaning of “natural born citizen”. Congress would be out-of-bounds in trying to rule on what that term means – as they were out of bounds in saying that John McCain is a “natural born citizen”.
The boundaries placed on legislative interference in the interpretation of the Constitution is probably why the Constitution only gives Congress authority to determine eligibility and other election issues for CONGRESS, but not for the judicial or executive branches. They are separate. That’s part of the separation of powers and balance of powers.
The interpretation of the Constitution is purposely assigned to the judiciary and not the legislative branch. And Hawaii law also recognizes that the legislative branch is not to be trusted with those decisions because those decisions MUST be protected from political manipulation, as much as possible. That’s why according to HRS 338-17 only “a judicial or administrative person or body” is allowed to determine whether an amended BC is probative, and only when the BC is “presented as evidence” (which implies a legal procedure, for which the official or body is legally accountable).
But all this is getting ahead of ourselves. We still haven’t established a way that a President elect would “fail to qualify” before Jan 20th when a Vice President elect does qualify.
I read your entire post. A question I have is how they would ever know whether the age requirement had been met. How would they ever know that?
The only reason Obama wasn’t found to be disqualified before Jan 20th was because SCOTUS refused to see what was in front of their faces – and because the HDOH engaged in criminal activity.
But the 20th Amendment doesn’t say “If the President elect is found to be disqualified”. It says, “If the President-elect, having failed to qualify…”
IOW, it isn’t a matter of somebody proving him disqualified. It’s a question of whether he has succeeded in proving himself qualified. We know that he didn’t, because his birth date (for instance) has not been legally determined – and can’t be legally determined until a judge sees his amended BC and rules on its probative value.
Legally we have no idea how old Obama is. Is that problematic for you? If the Pres-elect doesn’t even have a legally-established age, how can anybody ever say that he “qualified” by Jan 20th?
My apologies to butterdezillion for my erroneous assumption that her reference to “vot[ing] for one ticket . . . since 1840″ was a mistaken reference to the presidential/vice presidential ticket system that the Twelfth Amendment was designed to accommodate. BD has been gracious enough to concede error when I called her out on a couple of other points and I, in kind, hereby acknowledge my error.
That said, I’m still not sure her statement is accurate, since as Justice Scalia discussed in a recent concurring opinion in John Doe No. 1 v. Reed, the Australian secret ballot wasn’t used in the United States before 1888. It isn’t apparent to me whether during the previous era of voting — often (and probably usually) without any official ballot form — it would have been possible to vote for a presidential candidate from one party and a vice presidential candidate from another. It strikes me as at least theoretically possible that in any given state, the winners of the presidential and vice presidential electoral votes could have come from different parties. Does anyone know?
BD writes: “if Joe Biden’s birth facts are officially legally undetermined then I would agree with what you said . . . ” But according to BD, the 20th Amendment requires President-elects to prove they are qualified for office. If so, it would also require Vice President-elects to prove they are qualified for office. No one has pointed to any instance since the 20th Amendment went into effect in October 1933 when that has actually occurred. And that’s no doubt because, contrary to BD’s interpretation, the 20th Amendment doesn’t establlish a requirement that the President- and Vice President-elects prove they’re qualified. Rather, it provides a method of how to deal with the problem if they aren’t qualified.
BD writes that President Obama’s birth date “has not been legally determined.” When was FDR’s birth date “legally determined”? When was Truman’s? Eisenhower’s?
And Dwight, the question of WHEN a disqualification was to be found out is another thing that shows the corruption of our courts. I can’t remember which court case it was, but standing was denied because the Constitution wouldn’t be broken until AFTER Obama’s illegal term started. But then you’re arguing now (and I believe at least one judge has also said) that once the term has started the 20th Amendment doesn’t apply.
IOW you’re darned if you question before Jan 20th and you’re darned if you question Jan 20th or later.
Seems to me that the checker-pants lawyers and the crooked judges have just erased the 20th Amendment by judicial coup, using the issue of “standing”.
Anyway, thank you for clarifying that a President-elect can “fail to qualify” by failing to meet the age, residency, and natural born citizenship status required for someone to be president. At least we’ve got that established then.
Now the question is who has the burden of proof – someone else to prove that the Pres-elect is NOT qualified (which nobody can do without the guy’s permission), or the Pres-elect to prove that he is.
The language of the Amendment is this: “If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, OR IF THE PRESIDENT ELECT SHALL HAVE FAILED TO QUALIFY….”
What are the subjects (nouns)? What are the predicates (verbs)?
When it comes to receiving a paycheck from the federal government, who (according to law) has the burden of proof? Does the employer have to prove that the person is NOT a US citizen (note that it’s impossible to prove a negative…) or does the employee have to prove that they ARE a US citizen?
One way a President-elect could fail to qualify by Jan. 20 is if the President-elect will be younger than 35 on Jan. 20. Another way would be in the President-elect hasn’t lived in the U.S. for 14 years. But that does not suggest that the President-elect has to prove to any particular individual that he will be 35 or older or will have lived in the U.S. for more than 14 years by election day. Even if it did, it doesn’t suggest that any particular mode of proof is necessary. To any reasonable person, Dr. Fukino’s public statements proved that President Obama was born in Hawaii. Do we think the President-elect should have to present electric bills for a 14-year period to prove that he or she meets the residency requirement?
If FDR and Eisenhower have non-amended BC’s their birth facts are legally established on their BC’s. I don’t know if their BC’s were checked or not. In their cases there was no reason to believe that they were not qualified.
There WAS reason to question whether McCain was qualified so he presented his birth certificate. It was only when Obama decided to fight the lawsuits rather than simply show his BC that the questions of his eligibility became serious in my mind and in the minds of many others.
And now we find out that Obama’s BC is amended and thus has no more legal value than Monopoly money until a specific procedure is followed to determine the legal value of his BC. His birth facts are as legally undocumented as if he had no birth certificate at all.
WE KNOW HE FAILED TO QUALIFY. We know that he CHOSE to fail to qualify because any one of the 50+ lawsuits would have provided an opportunity for him to do the procedure required in order for him to legally establish his birth facts. Instead he chose to fight – BEFORE THE ELECTION, when everybody says we were all supposed to be resolving these questions. The fact of the matter is NOBODY COULD resolve these issues without his permission, AND HE REFUSED.
If FDR or Eisenhower had secret stories about their BC nobody knew it. WITH OBAMA, WE ALL KNEW HE WAS HIDING SOMETHING. It was up to him to “qualify” by Jan 20th. He very deliberately and very publicly offered a forged document (while stealing the identity/BC# of somebody else) rather than allow anybody to even see his genuine BC, much less go through the legal procedure required to legally establish his birth facts.
Huge, huge difference.
No — either the 20th Amendment requires a President-elect to present documentation or it doesn’t. It certainly doesn’t require documentation if, but only if, some individual somewhere raises a question concerning the individual’s eligibility. And nothing in the 20th Amendment’s text or legislative history suggests that it established a document production requirement.
I’m sure I’ll regret asking, but I haven’t traveled far enough down the birth rabbit hole to know why butterdezillion continues to assert that President Obama’s birth certificate was amended. I thought that the birthers’ whole schtick was that they hadn’t seen his birth certificate. If not, why do they think they know it’s been amended. Does anyone know what that claim is about?
Have you read my blog, Dwight? http://www.butterdezillion.wordpress.com . The main post is http://butterdezillion.wordpress.com/2010/01/11/red-flags-in-hawaii-2/
At this point I could list about a half-dozen laws that Chiyome Fukino has broken in order to cover for Obama. Right now the OIP is (supposedly) investigating the HDOH for the illegal destruction of permanent records – including the original birth index list, the index to foreign births, and the birth certificate of the little girl whose BC# Obama stole to put on the Factcheck COLB (a record that the HDOH, Punchbowl Cemetery, and the VA have all similarly erased from their records – and yes, I have proof that she was on their records before I requested the records they now say they don’t have).
I had requested an investigation earlier for other crimes committed – including misprision of felony – and was told by the Ombudsman’s Office that they could not even investigate because they cannot investigate crimes.
And the fact of the matter is that HAWAII LAW DOES NOT ALLOW CHIYOME FUKINO TO DETERMINE THE FACTS OF OBAMA’S BIRTH. By law, the most she could say (without Obama first going through a procedure to legally establish the facts of his birth) is that there is a CLAIM that Obama was born in Hawaii. And if you look closely at her statement – from which she COULD NOT STRAY EVEN ONE WORD – that is EXACTLY what she said.
Furthermore, if you read my blog you will see that the HDOH has in 2 different ways indirectly confirmed that the Factcheck COLB is a forgery. If Fukino is trustworthy why didn’t she report that to law enforcement and why didn’t they arrest Obama right there and then? If Fukino is trustworthy why does she – to this day – have on the HDOH website that Obama posted his COLB (and linking to Factcheck) when Fukino herself knows that is a forgery?
These are serious questions. I hope you will give them serious consideration.
I was willing to give the HDOH the benefit of the doubt. I started my requests to them because I wanted to hear from their own mouths the confirmations that what they seemed to have said in their public statements is what they actually stand by. It was when I saw the steaming piles of corruption and lies emanating from that entire bureaucracy that I realized – for good – that Obama is not eligible and they have always known that.
Be sure you read the part where I asked Okubo directly whether she would have reported the Factcheck COLB as a forgery if she knew that it was. She said that state law forbids her from revealing ANYTHING that is on a BC (the implication being that she could not even tell law enforcement if Obama’s posted COLB was a forgery). If state law forbids Okubo, it also forbids Fukino. So why did either of them make any statements at all about what is claimed on Obama’s BC?
Dwight, the 20th Amendment also doesn’t say a person has to prove that the Pres-elect failed to qualify.
The president elect, having failed to qualify…. The word “qualify” is used as a prepositional phrase modifying a verb there.
Subject: president-elect
Verb: having failed (past tense)……….. (failed what?) to qualify.
Who is the actor there? What is the action? Does it matter that the only person who is legally ABLE to do that verb is Obama himself? Everyone else is actively prohibited from doing it (with the exception of the Secretaries of State before Obama was placed on the ballot – but Fukino illegally hid until early November of 2009 the Administrative Rules which showed that to be the case).
If a question arises regarding the Constitution, the judiciary is supposed to resolve it. Did Obama fail to qualify? That can only be known by a finding of fact and interpretation of the Constitution. The courts refuse.
You and I can go around till the cows come home, but the Constitution says that if there are controversies that arise regarding the laws or Constitution, the judiciary is supposed to resolve them – by finding of fact and interpretation of laws and Constitution. The judiciary refuses. They refused before the election. They refused after the popular vote and before the electoral vote. They refused after the electoral vote. They refused after the certification of the vote. They refused before the inauguration. They refused after the inauguration.
Does that pose any problem for you?
Also, Dwight, the particular mode of documentation is very specific for anybody who is to receive a federal paycheck. Birth certificate and 2 other forms of legal documentation.
That law has never been followed for Congress, Pres, or VP – even though they are not exempt according to the law.
Another law broken that nobody apparently seems to care if it’s enforced or not – except “we the people”, who can’t legally do a thing except bend over to be screwed.
It goes on and on and on.
That’s why this is not just about Obama. For me it is an issue of lawlessness. If Obama is eligible God bless him. But I will never be willing to wink at all the crimes that have been committed in this whole process. If there is no way to hold government, media, and law enforcement accountable to the law and to enforce the law, then what we have is mafia-run anarchy. The political players control everything and everyone.
That is not what I want. I want my country back. I want my kids to have a future. This isn’t about Obama at all. It’s about a system that has totally abandoned the rule of law.
Your comment is awaiting moderation.
OK. Maybe the link is causing problems. I’ll have them as non-links and try again.
Have you read my blog, Dwight? butterdezillion.wordpress.com . The main post is butterdezillion.wordpress.com/2010/01/11/red-flags-in-hawaii-2/
At this point I could list about a half-dozen laws that Chiyome Fukino has broken in order to cover for Obama. Right now the OIP is (supposedly) investigating the HDOH for the illegal destruction of permanent records – including the original birth index list, the index to foreign births, and the birth certificate of the little girl whose BC# Obama stole to put on the Factcheck COLB (a record that the HDOH, Punchbowl Cemetery, and the VA have all similarly erased from their records – and yes, I have proof that she was on their records before I requested the records they now say they don’t have).
I had requested an investigation earlier for other crimes committed – including misprision of felony – and was told by the Ombudsman’s Office that they could not even investigate because they cannot investigate crimes.
And the fact of the matter is that HAWAII LAW DOES NOT ALLOW CHIYOME FUKINO TO DETERMINE THE FACTS OF OBAMA’S BIRTH. By law, the most she could say (without Obama first going through a procedure to legally establish the facts of his birth) is that there is a CLAIM that Obama was born in Hawaii. And if you look closely at her statement – from which she COULD NOT STRAY EVEN ONE WORD – that is EXACTLY what she said.
Furthermore, if you read my blog you will see that the HDOH has in 2 different ways indirectly confirmed that the Factcheck COLB is a forgery. If Fukino is trustworthy why didn’t she report that to law enforcement and why didn’t they arrest Obama right there and then? If Fukino is trustworthy why does she – to this day – have on the HDOH website that Obama posted his COLB (and linking to Factcheck) when Fukino herself knows that is a forgery?
These are serious questions. I hope you will give them serious consideration.
I was willing to give the HDOH the benefit of the doubt. I started my requests to them because I wanted to hear from their own mouths the confirmations that what they seemed to have said in their public statements is what they actually stand by. It was when I saw the steaming piles of corruption and lies emanating from that entire bureaucracy that I realized – for good – that Obama is not eligible and they have always known that.
Be sure you read the part where I asked Okubo directly whether she would have reported the Factcheck COLB as a forgery if she knew that it was. She said that state law forbids her from revealing ANYTHING that is on a BC (the implication being that she could not even tell law enforcement if Obama’s posted COLB was a forgery). If state law forbids Okubo, it also forbids Fukino. So why did either of them make any statements at all about what is claimed on Obama’s BC?
When the 20th Amendment uses the verb “qualify,” it doesn’t mean “prove qualifications.” It means “meet the eligibility requirements.” So it’s true that the only person who can meet the eligibility requirements is the President-elect. Either that person qualified by being 35 years old at the time of inauguration or that person failed to qualify by being younger than 35. Either that person qualified by having lived in the U.S. for 14 years by January 20 or that person failed to qualify by not having lived in the U.S. for 14 years. Either that person qualified by being a natural born citizen or failed to qualify by not being a natural born citizen.
In President-elect Obama’s case, there was no failure to qualify because he was a natural born citizen, having been born in Hawaii, he was older than 34 and he had lived in the United States for more than 14 years. Because he hadn’t failed to qualify, he was sworn in as President.
Article III of the Constitution doesn’t say what butterdezillion says it says. In fact, it doesn’t say anything close to that.
And to return momentarily to the purpose for which Phil Cave actually provided us with this forum, it’s worth noting that courts-martial aren’t Article III courts. A court-martial of LTC Lakin certainly doesn’t provide the vehicle for determining the constitutional eligibility of the Commander in Chief. And, assuming that LTC Lakin is convicted and receives either a year or more of confinement and/or a dismissal, a direct appeal of LTC Lakin’s conviction can reach the Supreme Court only if the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) has granted review in the case, which CAAF would be extremely unlikely to do. And upon collateral review, an Article III court will ask whether the military courts provided full and fair consideration of any claim arising from the denial of discovery. The Article III court will answer that question in the affirmative and thus decline to address its substance. In other words, LTC Lakin’s court-martial is about the least likely possible vehicle for the birthers to actually obtain discovery or a ruling on President Obama’s eligibility.
Oops. The Ombudsman’s Office is (supposedly) investigating the HDOH for the illegal destruction of records, not the OIP. The OIP says only the Ombudsman’s Office or AG’s office can do that. I copied the AG on all my communications with the Ombudsman’s Office.
Butterdezillion wrote: “But the 20th Amendment considers that only a less likely possibility.”
No it doesn’t.
This is my last post about the 20th Amendment. I’m with Dwight, the 20th Amendment is completely and totally irrelevant to Lt.C. Lakin’s court martial and to President Obama’s eligibility. The time for President and Vice President-Elects is long passed. We won’t have another president or vice president elect unless and until someone other than Obama or Biden is elected in 2012.
IYou said, “In President-elect Obama’s case, there was no failure to qualify because he was a natural born citizen, having been born in Hawaii, he was older than 34 and he had lived in the United States for more than 14 years. Because he hadn’t failed to qualify, he was sworn in as President.”
How do you know what age Obama is? That has never been legally determined. Neither has his birthplace or the names of his parents.
Can someone with a legally undetermined age qualify as president?
I don’t think you guys are understanding. It is not just that nobody has SEEN the legally-determined facts of Obama’s birth. The situation we have is that those legally-determined facts DON’T EXIST. He has no legal documentation.
We know there is not a soul in the government who can say how old Obama is because according to Hawaii law that remains legally undetermined. The only way it could be determined is by a legal proceeding which Obama fought long and hard to keep from happening.
Joey, if Obama “failed to qualify” by Jan 20th then the Constitution forbids him from having the presidential powers. That would include the power to make orders as CIC.
The only way that could not be relevant to Lt Col Lakin is if Lakin’s brigade commanders have the authority to increase the number of troops to Afghanistan and deploy those troops and the personnel to support OEF without an order from a valid CIC. Is that what you’re claiming?
What the Director of the Hawaii Department of Health did or didn’t do is totally irrelevant to the Lakin court marshall. Is any of us responsible for the information or the mistakes that may be on our birth certificates?
If Dr. Fukino “covered” for Obama, that would need to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal court investigation. Are there witnesses to conversations between the two? Are there e-mails going back and forth? Any taped phone conversations and cell phone records showing that they talked?
Dwight, what I hear you saying is that if the same military which is on the hacker lists for The Post & Email decides they want to screw the Constitution they have the power to do so, no questions allowed to be asked.
That makes me feel real great about now.
I’m sure it makes our troops who have sworn on their sacred honor to defend the US and its Constitution from foreign and domestic enemies feel real great too. A real morale builder.
The guys and gals who are putting their lives on the line deserve better than this. It makes me sick to see how Obama, with the help of all his minions, is pissing on the sacred honor of people whose shoes they aren’t worthy to shine.
By law, Obama couldn’t even get a federal paycheck for cleaning toilets right now because he hasn’t done the paperwork. How the hell should he be allowed to issue military orders without the proper paperwork?
Joey, if Obama “failed to qualify” by Jan 20th then the Constitution forbids him from having the presidential powers. That would include the power to make orders as CIC.
The only way that could not be relevant to Lt Col Lakin is if Lakin’s brigade commanders have the authority to increase the number of troops to Afghanistan and deploy those troops and the personnel to support OEF without an order from a valid CIC. Is that what you’re claiming?
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Colonel Lakin followed probably scores if not hundreds of orders under the Obama Administration between January 20th, 2009 and the day he refused to get on a plane.
If Obama had been indicted or convicted of some crime related to his eligibility, Lakin might have a case but the exact opposite is the case. Courts have ruled that Obama is eligible and that he is the President of the United States legitimately.
For example: “There may very well be a legitimate role for the judiciary to interpret whether the natural born citizen requirement has been satisfied in the case of a presidential candidate who has not already won the election and taken office. However, on the day that President Obama took the presidential oath and was sworn in, he became President of the United States. Any removal of him from the presidency must be accomplished through the Constitution’s mechanisms for the removal of a President, either through impeachment or the succession process set forth in the Twenty-Fifth Amendment. Plaintiffs attempt to subvert this grant of power to Congress by convincing the Court that it should disregard the constitutional procedures in place for the removal of a sitting president. The process for removal of a sitting president–removal for any reason–is within the province of Congress, not the courts.”—US District Court Judge David O. Carter, Barnett, et. al. v Barack H. Obama, et. al.,” October 29, 2009
Whether Butterdezillion likes it or not, Barack Obama is the duly elected 44th President of the United States and he has functioned in that role for a year and a half now. He is both a de facto and a de jure officer as Commander-in-Chief. Obama has ordered men and women into harm’s way; he carries the nuclear football with the launch codes to every warhead in the US arsenal; members of both political parties have voted to give him decision making power over the US military which he has exercised since day one of his adminstration. No attempt to prove him ineligible has succeeded.
butterdezillion 07.11.10 at 17:02
Joey, if Obama “failed to qualify” by Jan 20th then the Constitution forbids him from having the presidential powers. That would include the power to make orders as CIC.
The only way that could not be relevant to Lt Col Lakin is if Lakin’s brigade commanders have the authority to increase the number of troops to Afghanistan and deploy those troops and the personnel to support OEF without an order from a valid CIC. Is that what you’re claiming?
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But we know that Obama DID qualify because he has been the President of the United States for a year and a half now.
LtC Lakin is charged with disobeying the direct orders of his commanding officers not with disobeying Obama’s orders. Obama didn’t order Lakin to get on such and such a plane at such and such a time at such and such an airport.
What the prosecution will push is that if over a million men and women in uniform have followed the orders of their direct superior officers, what makes Lakin any different?
Joey, if you’ve read my blog you will know that I have asked every level of law enforcement there is to investigate the crimes I have evidence of.
Nobody will.
That was when I went public with some of what I have.
What Fukino said ultimately makes no difference to Obama’s situation – which is that he does not have a legally-determined birth date, birth place, or parents. He has no legal documents. What he has is at this point legally the same as if Fukino had officially confirmed that they have no records on Obama at all.
If she had said that Hawaii has no birth record for Obama at all, what would you have said before the election? After the election but before the inauguration?
In spite of everything she has said, from a legal perspective Hawaii has no valid birth records for Obama. That’s why Brian Adams has said the Hawaii officials all know they don’t have a valid BC. for him. If somebody did an EVVE check on Obama – like they do for people who apply to work at a meat-packing plant – it would show up saying they don’t have a BC for him. He is undocumented.
What he has is just as legally probative at this point as if I went into an office and said my name is Santa Claus and I was born in Hawaii to Mickey Mouse and Daisy Duck on July 4, 1776. By law they would have to put that into their records but it would be classified as an unverified report. Even if I had signatures from Mickey Mouse and Daisy Duck swearing that they gave birth to me on July 4, 1776 in Honolulu, Fukino could still only say that she had seen my “original vital records verifying (swearing) that I was born in Honolulu, Hawaii and are therefore a natural-born American citizen”.
Legally she could not say where I was born, when, or to whom. She could only say they have a sworn statement claiming this or that.
Just like she did for Obama. But if somebody did an EVVE check on me, it would show up saying they’ve got no valid BC for me – just like it would show for Obama right now.
Joey, you said, “Courts have ruled that Obama is eligible and that he is the President of the United States legitimately.”
They have ruled that he is the president but they have never ruled on his eligibility. Never. They have denied standing for the issue to be addressed.
But if you look at the 20th Amendment, it doesn’t specifically say that the President-elect, having failed to qualify, shall not be the president. It says that the VP-elect shall act as president until a president qualifies.
A president-elect becomes the president simply because it’s noon on January 20th. Even after that is done that president can be denied the presidential powers until they meet the Constitutional requirements for exercising presidential powers. Taking the oath of office is one requirement. And qualifying is another.
If Obama’s birth facts were legally determined and we found that Obama is 20 years old, would the 20th Amendment allow him to exercise the powers of the presidency?
Joey, you’re not answering my question. Are you saying that Lt Col Lakin’s brigade commanders have the authority to order and execute a combat troop increase to Afghanistan in support of OEF without a valid general order from the CIC?
Are you claiming that?
As a lawyer, I’m wary of legal statements not followed by citations. Butterdezillion asserts, without any supporting reference, that “the particular mode of documentation is very specific for anybody who is to receive a federal paycheck. Birth certificate and 2 other forms of legal documentation. That law has never been followed for Congress, Pres, or VP – even though they are not exempt according to the law.”
Does anyone know to what law butterdezillion is referring? Is there such a law? I work for the federal government and wasn’t required to show a birth certificate. And I’m sure of that because I don’t have a copy of my birth certificate.
Joey, you’re not answering my question. Are you saying that Lt Col Lakin’s brigade commanders have the authority to order and execute a combat troop increase to Afghanistan in support of OEF without a valid general order from the CIC?
Are you claiming that?
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I wonder if Butterdezillion has ever heard of the Chain of Command. Lieutenant Colonels don’t get to challenge the orders of their superior officers unless a direct order is patently illegal.
Butterdezillion’s question is totally irrelevant to the circumstances of the Lakin Court Martial. Lt.C. Lakin is being court martialed for:
(From the Charge Sheet):
Charge One: Violation of the UCMJ, Article 83
SPECIFICATION: In that Lieutenant Colonel Terrance L. Lakin, US Army, did, at or near Arlington, Virginia, on or about 12 April, 2010, through design, miss the movement of US Airways Flight 1123, departing from Baltimore/Washington International Airport, arriving in Charlotte, North Carolina, in order to deploy for a Temporary Change of Station in support of Operation Enduring Freedom with the 32nd Cavalry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Kentucky, with which he was in the course of duty required to move.
Charge 2: Violation of the UCMJ, Article 92
Specification 1: In that Lieutenant Colonel Terrence L. Lakin, US Army, having knowledge of a lawful order issued by Lieutenant Colonel William Judd, to report to the office of his Brigade Commander, Colonel Gordon R. Roberts, at 1345 hours, or words to that effect, an order which it was his duty to obey, did, at or near Arlington, Virginia, on or about 31 March, 2010, fail to obey the same by wrongfully not reporting as directed.
Specification 2: In that Lieutenant Colonel Terrance L. Lakin, US Army, having knowledge of a lawful order issued by Colonel Gordon R. Roberts, to wit: a memorandum signed by said Colonel Gordon R. Roberts, dated 31 March, 2010, an order which it was his duty to obey, did, at or near Arlington , Virginia, on or about 31 March, 2010, fail to obey the same by wrongfully not reporting as directed.
Charge II: Violation of UCMJ, Article 92
Specification 3: In that Lieutenant Colonel Terrence L. Lakin, US Army, having knowledge of a lawful order issued by Colonel Peter McHugh, to wit: Temporary Change of Station Orders 099-17, dated 9 April, 2010, issued by Colonel Peter McHugh, requiring Lieutenant Colonel Terrence L. Lakin to report to Fort Campbell, Kentucky not later than 1500 hours on 12 April, 2010, an order which it was his duty to obey, did at or near Washington, District of Columbia, , on or about 12 April, 2010, fail to obey the same by wrongfully failing to report to 32nd Cavalry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
Specification 4: In that Lieutenant Colonel Terrence L. Lakin, US Army, who knew or should have known of his duties at or near Washington, District of Columbia, on or about 12 April, 2010, was derelict in the performance of those duties in that he willfully failed to report to Fort Campbell, Kentucky in accordance with Temporary Change of Station orders 099-17, dated 9 April, 2010, issued by Colonel Peter Mc Hugh, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom, as it was his duty to do.
Do I read butterdezillion correctly in post 171 to indicate that all those times she wrote about an amended birth certificate, she actually meant an amended certification of live birth? I though using the term “birth certificate” to refer to the certification of live birth was a birther no-no.
I’m very familiar with the birther mythology attacking the certification of live birth — a mythology that’s been thoroughly debunked at obamaconspiracy.org. I thought that when butterdezillion was referring to an amended birth certificate she meant an amended birth certificate. My mistake for interpreting her words according to their plane meaning.
They have ruled that he is the president but they have never ruled on his eligibility. Never. They have denied standing for the issue to be addressed.
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Please see “Ankeny et. al v The Governor of Indiana, Mitch Daniels.” The Indiana Court of Appeals ruled that both Obama and McCain qualify as Natural Born Citizens.
President Obama doesn’t have to prove his eligibility. His opponents have to prove is ineligibility. It is not Obama’s fault that in seventy plus civil suits concerning his eligibility, those who think him ineligible haven’t been able to produce a plaintiff with standing to sue.
John McCain, Sarah Palin, the Republican National Committee or any Governor or Secretary of State of a state where Obama’s name was on the ballot , or any member of the House and Senate might well be granted legal standing to sue. None of them have chosen to sue, to enter a suit as a co-plaintiff or even to file an amicus brief in support of any Obama eligibilty lawsuit.
Finally, none of the powerful, highly skilled, wealthy or media savvy conservative law firms have represented any plaintiffs in Obama eligibility lawsuits.
The federal government does E-verify, I believe. So you wouldn’t have had to show your BC necessarily.
But they don’t do E-verify or require documents for elected officials, according to the article at http://www.sonorannews.com/archives/2010/100602/frntpg_ObamaSSN.html , because they (supposedly) have their documentation handled by SOS’s before they can be placed on the ballot. I can tell you that this is absolutely not true. My SOS basically said they have to take a politician at his word, can’t ask for documentation.
There are other documents that could be used for it besides a birth certificate. The I-9 Form has to be completed. The description of the documents to be provided are at http://www.uscis.gov/files/form/i-9.pdf
If anybody had done an E-verify on Obama’s birth certificate it would have come back saying he is undocumented. Of course he’s got several dozen Social Security numbers with his name so maybe they would see that he was EXTRA QUALIFIED because he’s got SS#’s from a bunch of different states – including the main SS# he uses, which is from Connecticut.
Based on online searches of Title 5 of the United States Code, there doesn’t appear to be any statute requiring that an applicant for federal employment present a birth certificate in order to be hired. While the online databases that I found for the Code of Federal Regulations weren’t as user friendly as the USC databases I found, it doesn’t appear that there’s any federal regulation requiring that an applicant for federal employment present a birth certificate in order to be hired. Plus, there’s my personal experience of being hired by the federal government without presenting a birth certificate.
Accordingly, it appears that butterdezillion is mistaken in repeatedly claiming that by law, “anybody who is to receive a federal paycheck,” including the President, Vice President, and Members of Congress, must present a Birth certificate and 2 other forms of legal documentation.”
Your comment is awaiting moderation.
OK, I’ll take out the links.
The federal government does E-verify, I believe. So you wouldn’t have had to show your BC necessarily.
But they don’t do E-verify or require documents for elected officials, according to the article at sonorannews.com/archives/2010/100602/frntpg_ObamaSSN.html , because they (supposedly) have their documentation handled by SOS’s before they can be placed on the ballot. I can tell you that this is absolutely not true. My SOS basically said they have to take a politician at his word, can’t ask for documentation.
There are other documents that could be used for it besides a birth certificate. The I-9 Form has to be completed. The description of the documents to be provided are at uscis.gov/files/form/i-9.pdf
If anybody had done an E-verify on Obama’s birth certificate it would have come back saying he is undocumented. Of course he’s got several dozen Social Security numbers with his name so maybe they would see that he was EXTRA QUALIFIED because he’s got SS#’s from a bunch of different states – including the main SS# he uses, which is from Connecticut.
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So butterdezillion casually concedes that a claim that she’s repeatedly made – -that by law “anybody who is to receive a federal paycheck” must present a birth certificate — simply isn’t true. Then she casually offers some hearsay from a Secretary of State (she doesn’t tell us of which state) about a different proposition. Apparently butterdezillion isn’t bothered by having to repudiate her oft-stated untruth about birth certificates being required for federal employment. But anyone tempted to accept anything else that butterdezillion writes as true should be bothered by that.
I know of no distinction between a COLB and a birth certificate, since as far as I can tell from HDOH responses (which doesn’t say much actually) the Certification of Live Birth is what their Administrative Rules refer to as an “Abbreviated Birth Certificate”.
The actual birth certificate that Hawaii has is amended, according to multiple responses to Hawaii’s FOIA (UIPA) requests. From what the HDOH said in their UIPA responses it was amended in 2006 when Obama was considering a run for the presidency and he was charged a fee for the amendment – which means that the amendment was not required because a hospital, doctor, or office worker made a mistake. Not a typo, for instance.
For the BC to be classified as amended it had to have been a major administrative amendment – affecting the basic integrity of the entire claim.
Which is why amended BC’s do not qualify as prima facie evidence and why a judicial or administrative person or body has to evaluate the claims and evidence in an official proceeding in order to determine whether the BC has any legal merit.
Of course, I only know this now because after weeks of hounding the HDOH and Lt Governor’s offices, the HDOH Administrative Rules were finally posted online in early November of 2009 – after being illegally removed from public access while the Obama eligibility questions were raging.
The COLB that Obama posted online is a forgery. The HDOH has indirectly confirmed that by
1) making a statutory admission that Obama’s BC is amended – which must be noted on any BC the HDOH prints for him. Since Factcheck doesn’t note the amendment it is known to be a forgery. And
2) confirming that the BC# has always been given by the HDOH on the “date filed”. Obama’s was “filed” 3 days before the Nordyke twins (which actually shows that Obama was NOT born at Kapiolani, since Kapiolani submitted their BC’s on Fridays, not Tuesdays) but has a BC# 2 higher (later) than theirs.
The COLB that my elected officials relied on – Factcheck – is confirmed as a forgery. By failing to tell the public that his campaign site posted what he knew to be a forgery, Obama violated (at the least) the Federal False Information Act, which forbids someone from deceiving Congress by what they say or fail to say.
That should get him in deep trouble. But as I’ve been saying, nobody in law enforcement will investigate.
The actual authentic birth certificate has note of the amendment. It also almost certainly has a 2006 certificate number, which is why they had to steal the BC# of a (I am almost certain) little girl who was born on Aug 4 and died on Aug 5, had her death announced in both papers, and was buried in the VA cemetery in Hawaii.
The cemetery now denies that they have any records on her, even though I’ve got screenshots showing that they did as of about a week before they answered my request. The VA also denies any record of her, even though I’ve also got screenshots showing that she was on their records. And the HDOH denies that they have a BC for her, even though her death was reported to the papers almost certainly by the hospital where she was born and died and they would have been legally required to file a BC for her. She would also need a BC to document that she was the daughter of a military man in order to be buried in the VA cemetery.
This is the kind of crap I’m experiencing from the VA, cemetery, and the HDOH. I’ve got the proof that they’re trying to delete this little girl’s BC from the record. And did I tell you that the original birth index which would most likely contain the BC#’s no longer exists even though it is required to be retained permanently?
These people are shredding everything in sight, and I can’t find any law enforcement people who give a rip.
Does that concern you at all?
The best that Hawaii has for documentation on Obama can never be any more legally significant than Monopoly money until it is presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body.
So Joey, if the Indiana court hasn’t looked at Obama’s actual BC they can’t say when or where Obama was born, or to whom.
Did they look at Obama’s actual BC?
The only constitutionally relevant information on any legal birth record from any state is place of birth and date of birth. Those two pieces of information are relevant to Article 2 Section1.
The state of Hawaii has confirmed Obama’s birth there. I’m willing to bet without actually seeing the birth record that he is over 35 years old.
Dwight, if they don’t present a BC they have to present a passport or equivalent, which is SUPPOSED to have its claims backed up by a BC. I stand corrected (by my own self, since I was the one who came up with the document I was looking for anyway) on the amount and kind of documentation required; there are several other combinations which would suffice as well. But if I’m not mistaken the documents in Set One are considered enough because they are backed up by further legal-quality documentation such as a valid BC.
Of course, we know that Obama’s passport file was breached 3 different times by the company headed by the guy who Obama then rewarded with a position as National Security Advisor – John Brennan.
My SOS is John Gayle. I don’t know if I spoke with him directly or someone from his office, but he said that the voters, through the reporting of the media, are supposed to vet the candidates. I asked how they could do that if nobody can see the documents that alone would answer the questions. He said the media would never let a politician get away with lying.
I gagged. These are the morons our national security depends upon?
And as Linda Bentley pointed out in her article, Roger Calero made it on the ballot for president even though he’s clearly not eligible.
When I pointed out on my blog that the HDOH Administrative Rules would have allowed a SOS to request and receive Obama’s BC in order to provide the service of putting his name on the ballot, I was immediately shot down because the SOS could only ask for it if their state law DEMANDED that they specifically request to see the BC.
why Donofrio and Wrotnowski couldn’t hold their SOS’s accountable for allowing Calero on the ballot even though they are required by state law to determine eligibility before placing the names on the ballot. As long as the law didn’t require every single move the SOS made she could do as she darn well pleased and say that she THOUGHT that looking at Calero’s bellybutton would tell her he was eligible to run for president. Because that’s such a competent, logical, legal, and earnest way to determine eligibility.
It’s a sad, sad joke that after 9-11, perpetrated by some foreign terrorists who were registered US voters, we play bickering lawyer-type nitpicking over such serious issues. This nation is suicidal if we allow this to continue.
When did Obama have an I-9 filled out for him? What documents did he use?
Oh – and speaking of passports, did you realize that a judge has told the DOJ that they had to release the passport records for Ann Dunham and Lolo Soetoro by June 30th – and that wonderful, law-abiding DOJ has once again refused to produce the documents they are legally required to produce?
Lawlessness.
That’s why this isn’t about Obama at all, but about the corrupt tentacles that are everywhere in government, media, and law enforcement.
Joey, you don’t get it. The State of Hawaii says that the facts of Obama’s birth cannot be determined until the BC is presented as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body.
When did that happen? When did Obama present his amended BC as evidence to a judicial or administrative person or body?
Fukino never confirmed a thing. She stated that they have vital records (plural) swearing that Obama was born in Hawaii. For her to say anything more than that would be a flat-out lie unless the amended BC had been legally determined to be probative.
PLEASE take the time and energy to comprehend that. Fukino can scream at the top of her lungs that Obama is anything she wants, but all her screaming cannot undo HRS 338-17. Either she’s only saying what is CLAIMED on the BC, or she’s flat-out lying. Neither case means doo-doo legally so stop bringing it up.
So now BD is relying on hearsay not even necessarily from her Secretary of State (whose name, if she’s from Nebraska, she misspelled), but from “him directly or someone from his office.” Yeah, real credible.
Doc Conspiracy has actually looked at and repudiated butterdezillion’s guano-crazy claims that President Obama’s birth certificate has been amended.
See here:
http://www.obamaconspiracy.org/2010/02/green-flags-in-hawaii/
and here:
http://www.obamaconspiracy.org/2010/02/butterdezillion-strikes-back/
Ah, I see my previous comment is awaiting moderation, presumably because it had links in it. Here it is without the links. Do a search for “butterdezillion” at the obamaconspiracy dot org web site and you can find the links.
So now BD is relying on hearsay not even necessarily from her Secretary of State (whose name, if she’s from Nebraska, she misspelled), but from “him directly or someone from his office.” Yeah, real credible.
Doc Conspiracy has actually looked at and repudiated butterdezillion’s guano-crazy claims that President Obama’s birth certificate has been amended.
I gave Doc Conspiracy and his cohorts about 17 different legal documents which supported my claim. I asked for legal documents which would refute the ones I had. Nada.
I had statements from OIP Attorney Linden Joesting, the OIP’s booklet on UIPA, the actual UIPA law, OIP Opinion Letters, legal explanations of FOIA’s Glomar exceptions , OIP Director Takase’s communications to me, Terri K’s requests for clarification, my own UIPA requests…
Dr. Con gave nothing in return.
He did, however, tell me more about what is required on birth certificates, which is his field of expertise so I was thankful for that. He agreed that the HDOH was not answering me truthfully regarding what is on their complete birth certificates.
I called my SOS office. It was a guy on the phone. My SOS’s office told me those things.
Nobody has answered my question and I don’t want it to get lost in the more important things like misspellings so I’ll restate it here:
If the facts of Obama’s birth were legally determined and it was found that he is 20 years old, would the 20th Amendment allow him to have the presidential powers (such as issuing lawful orders as CIC)?
Gosh this sounds like parody, but I don’t think she means it to be: “I called my SOS office. It was a guy on the phone. My SOS’s office told me those things.”
By its plain terms, Section 3 of the 20th Amendment doesn’t apply after the President-elect has been sworn in as President. On the basis of spending a thrilling afternoon yesterday reading the 20th Amendment’s legislative history, it’s apparent that the authors of Section 3 of the 20th Amendment didn’t intend it to apply after the President-elect was sworn into office. The whole point of the Section is to avoid an interregnum — something that wouldn’t occur due to ineligibility of a sitting President. So one must look elsewhere for the law governing that contingency.
If at the time of a President-elect’s election it was known that he was 20, it appears to me that the 20th Amendment’s authors would intend that the Vice President-elect would serve as acting President for the President-elect’s entire term, since the President-elect couldn’t become 35 during that term. But if everyone thought that the President-elect was 35 but somehow it came to light after the inauguration that he was actually only 33, again, the 20th Amendment wouldn’t provide the relevant law to deal with the situation.
So how would somebody “fail to qualify”? If they don’t have to prove their qualifications, and if whether they are actually qualified doesn’t matter and nobody has the ability to check their qualifications…. how could anybody ever “fail to qualify”?
Seems to me the only way would be if the President-elect stood on a street corner waving a sheet of paper saying, “I’m really not eligible. I am a communist hell-bent on destroying this nation.”
Even that probably wouldn’t be enough.
If Fidel Castro was elected to be president, how would he ever “fail to qualify”? There would be no way to legally prove he wasn’t qualified because only he could release the records which would prove it one way or another.
So my question still stands: How could a president-elect “fail to qualify” by Jan 20th? Only if he turned himself in?
butterdezillion has once again demonstrated her complete disregard for the truth. Look at post 194, above. She writes:
“[D]id you realize that a judge has told the DOJ that they had to release the passport records for Ann Dunham and Lolo Soetoro by June 30th – and that wonderful, law-abiding DOJ has once again refused to produce the documents they are legally required to produce?
“Lawlessness.”
butterdezillion is no doubt referring to the case of Allen v. DHS, No 09-CV-003730TUC-FRZ, pending in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. In that case, plaintiff’s counsel filed a Motion to Compel Compliance with Discovery Order alleging that the parties “filed a Status report with the final search date June 30, 2010.” There is no order in that case compelling disclosure of any documents. In fact, in his March 24, 2010 order in that case, Judge Zapata wrote: “It appears that the only deadlines applicable and warranted in this case pertain to a briefing schedule for summary judgment.” I’ve looked at the entire docket for the case on PACER and there’s no other order mandating disclosure of anything by June 30, 2010.
So butterdezillion’s claim that “a judge has told the DOJ that they had to release the passport records for Ann Dunham and Lolo Soetoro by June 30th” is utterly false. butterdezillion’s claim that “DOJ has once again refused to produce the documents they are legally required to produce” is utterly false. Unfortunately butterdezillion doesn’t identify her source for the false information that she so blithely attempts to peddle. But it’s apparent that nothing that butterdezillion writes should be accepted as true without independent verification.